EARLY MENOPAUSE BEFORE 45 ASSOCIATED WITH MORE HEART DISEASES
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Menopause signals the end of menstruation in women, typically occurring between 49 to 52 years of age. Cardiovascular disease is relatively uncommon in women before menopause. Incidence of cardiovascular disease in women increases sharply after menopause. Early onset of menopause occurring at less than 45 years of age may be associated with an increased risk of heart disease and overall mortality. Early Onset of Menopause and Effect on Heart Disease Taulant Muka, M.D., Ph.D., of Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and colleagues conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 32 studies (310,329 women) that satisfied the criteria for inclusion in their study.
Incidence of cardiovascular disease was compared between women who experienced menopause younger than 45 years of age and women who were 45 years or older at onset. They found that overall, women who experienced premature or early-onset menopause at less than 45 years seemed to have a greater risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and an all-cause mortality but no significant relation to an increased risk of stroke. Women between the ages of 50 and 54 years at onset of menopause had a decreased risk of fatal CHD compared with women younger than 50 years at onset. Women who begin menopause before age 46 or after 55 have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
The relationship between 'time since onset' of menopause and the risk of developing intermediate cardiovascular traits such as high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and increased cholesterol levels or CVD outcomes were reported in 4 observational studies but showed inconsistent results. "The findings of this review indicate a higher risk of CHD, cardiovascular mortality, and overall mortality in women who experience premature or early-onset menopause when younger than 45 years. However, this review also highlights important gaps in the existing literature and calls for further research to reliably establish whether cardiovascular risk varies in relation to the time since onset of menopause and the mechanisms leading early menopause to cardiovascular outcomes and mortality," the authors write.