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Sep14
CAN AYUSH / AYURVEDA DOCTOR PRACTICE SURGERY / MEDICINE USING ALLOPATHIC DRUGS ?
A battle is being fault every second day as AYUSH OR AYURVEDA/HOMEOPATHIC/UNANI SIDDA/ ACUPUNCTURIST/ ACCUPRESSOR/REKI /RMP /COMMUNITY PRACTITIONERS/ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES HEALERS can be treated as ALLOPATHIC DOCTORS OR MODERN MEDICINE DOCTORS and inspite of being training only in their systmem OF THERAPY ,CAN THEY USE MODERN MEDICINES /DRUGS TO CURE DISEASES in Practice ?Can be appointed at same level in Govt.Hospitals by Government /Pvt Hospitals & Nursing homes using modern surgical procedures or medicines for treatment or Can be converted in to Modern Medicines Doctors? Regarding this SUPREME COURT UNDERLINES THAT NO ALLOPATHIC DOCTOR CAN WRITE AYUSH MEDICINES SAME WAY NO AYUSH DOCTORS CAN WRITE MODERN MEDICINES AND CAN NOT PRACTICE AS MODERN MEDICINES DOCTORS as Modern medicine is very Life saving but fatal too as any mistake can cause serious damage or kill the patient so cant be practised by simple knowing few pharma medicines and as its study is difficult and need a course of six years for undergraduate, 10 yrs for PG and 12-15 yrs for being superspecialist with hard to crack entrance examinations at every label sothat DOCTORS PRODUCED HAVE GOOD KNOWLEDGE TO BE RECOGNISED NATIONALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY.HENCE A STRICT MCI MADE TO LOOK AFTER ITS ETHICS,CURICULLUM AND TRAINING BUT AS MBBS DOCTORS HAVE NAME AND FAME WITH MONEY SO MANY PVT MEDICAL COLLEGES CAME AND UNDER TAINTED MCI WITH DR KETAN DESAI OR FOLLOWERS AS GOVERNORS SOLD EVERY ETHICS RECOGNISED MANY PVT MEDICAL COLLEGES WITH FAKE PATIENTS,GHOST FACULTY TEACHERS AND POOR LABS/OTS AND EQUIPMENTS TAKING CRORES AS BRIBE AND A MARKET OF BLACK MONEY OF THOUSAND CRORES IS EXISTING SO THERE IS SHORTAGE OF DOCTORS MORE FOR SPECIALIST AND SUPERSPECIALISTS. To counter this SHORTAGE ,our policiticians have recommended that ALL AYUSH DOCTORS SHOULD BE TRAINED A LITTLE AND CONVERT THEM TO MODERN MEDICINES DOCTORS AS THERE IS CORRUPTION AND KICKBACKS IN OUR POLITICS SAME WAY THEY THINK DOCTORS CAN BE MADE but who will get treated by these no educated QUACKS as Politicians and rich affordable always move to specialists and super specailist for their problems only poor and backward will be allowed to die in their hand ,secondly no country in world will recognise them,no one from foreign country will come to India for treatment whose modern medicines,at present time,is at par or excellant than UK/USA/Germany/France /Australia's Treatment Modalities. But our politicians for winning votes want otherwise,they have posted Ayush doctors with same payment scale in all government hospitals ,started a new ministry disregarding the fact that MOST OF THEM TREAT PATIENTS IN THEIR CHAMBERS IN CITY/TOWN/ MOHALLAS/ VILLAGES AND EVEN IN METROS BY MODERN MEDICINES ONLY PUTTING TOUGH COMPETITIONS TO TRAINED MODERN MEDICINES DOCTORS.GOVERNMENT NEVER TAKES ACTION AGAINST SUCH "QUACKS" AS STATED BY SUPREME COURT. IT IS CLEAR THAT TO BE MODERN DOCTORS MANY USE EASY AYURVEDA / HOMEOPATHIC / UNANI SYSTEM TO BE A DOCTOR WHERE FEES ARE CHARGED ONLY AND MANY STUDENTS ARE PASSED WITHOUT PROPER TRAINING BY PAYING BRIBES TO THESE AYUSH COLLEGES AND AFTER PASSING THEY ONLY USE MODERN MEDICINES AND WORK AS JUNIOR DOCTORS IN MANY SMALL AND BIG HOSPITALS/ NURSING HOMES OF MANY CITIES/TOWN ALMOST ALL OVER INDIA WHICH HAS BEEN TERMED ILLEGAL BY SUPREME COURT.IN INDIA ANY BODY CAN PRESCRIBE MEDICINES,WITHOUT TRAINING MANY "BABAS"/SADHU PRACTICE MEDICINES AND ARE HIGHLY RECOGNISED IN THE SOCIETY AND OUR LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY NEVER TAKES ANY ACTION,IN COURT JUSTICE IS SO MUCH DELAYED THAT NO ACTION HAPPENS IN 10-20 YRS SO TO BE A DOCTOR IS A FASHION IN INDIA IF ONE CAN'T READ MEDICINES THEN TAKE A TRAINING IN REKI, SABLOK, ACCUPUNCTURE,MAGNET THERAPY,ACCUPRESSURE, PHYSIOTHERAPY, OPTOMETRY,LAB ASSISTANT OR AS RMP NURSE AND PUT "DOCTOR "INITIAL BEFORE NAME AND "DOCTOR SIGN" ON YOUR CHAMBER/HOUSE/ MARKET/VEHICLE AND PRACTICE ,NO BODY WILL CHECK YOU AND IF CAUGHT, PAY MONEY TO HEALTH OFFICIALS/ POLICE/POLITICIANS OR COURT AND GET FREE SO TO PRACTICE MEDICINE IN INDIA IS VERY EASY AND IS A GOOD PROFESSION TO EARN .EVEN SENIOR DOCTORS WHO GET REFERRAL FROM SUCH "QUACK" DOCTORS,TRY TO PROTECT THEM FROM INSIDE BUT OUTSIDE THEY ARE AGAINST THEM IN THEIR ASSOCIATIONS LIKE "IMA". A NEW BATTLE FOUGHT IN KERALA HIGH COURT WHERE SURGERY AND OTHER PROCEDURES AS DELIVERY OF CHILD BY USING MODERN MEDICINES CAN BE TAUGHT TO THEM OR NOT AND LATER CAN THEY PRACTICE IT USING MODERN MEDICINES.During the hearing, allopathic practitioners argued, that such training and observations hardly benefitted people while being in clear violation of the spirit of the MCI Guidelines. Ayurvedic practitioners on the other hand argued such training and observations were a part of their curriculum and was being imparted to students for the last 20 years.Dr Rejith Anand, general secretary of Ayurveda Medical Association of India said that knowledge could not be monopolised by anyone, which emphasised the right of Ayurveda students to train in modern medicine and the future of Ayurveda students and even existence of Ayurveda colleges hangs in balance, unless the government takes a concrete decision.If the training is not imparted as per syllabus, the Central Council of Indigenous Medicine (CCIM) and even the state council is unlikely to give registration to students and affiliation to colleges.” The argument was met with a strong rebuttal from the allopathy doctors, who stated that no ‘observership’ of any kind could be allowed in modern medicine hospitals, and if such a thing happens, allopathic practitioners would oppose it. Dr A V Jayakrishnan, IMA State president highlighted that this went clearly against MCI guidelines which state that modern medicine students can only be trained in modern medicine institutions. Speaking to IE, he also questioned Ayurveda doctors’ claim of observing the procedure for an exposure in basic aspects of modern medicine, saying,‘’Our system is different from theirs. Then what is it they want to observe? Surgery, labour and autopsy are not exhibitions. Moreover, what use it will be for an Ayurveda doctor who does not practise modern medicine?’’ PLEASE WRITE YOUR VIEWS WHETHER MODERN MEDICINES DOCTORS SHOULD ALLOW THIS"QUACKERY" ? THE PRESENT TOUGH COMPETITIONS OF MODERN MEDICINES DOCTORS IN PRACTICE TO FACE SO CALLED "QUACKS / OR OTHER PATHY DOCTORS USING MODERN MEDICINES FOR TREATMENT" BE ALLOWED BY OUR POLITICIANS LAW ENFORCEMENT AND DELIVERING SYSTEM? OR CHANGING THEM LEGALLY INTO MODERN MEDICINES DOCTORS BRINGING NEW LAW IS JUSTIFIED OR NOT?


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Sep06
NITI AYOG & NMC PROMPTING CORPORATES TO OPEN MEDICAL COLLEGES MAY RUIN OUR MEDICAL EDUCATION
There is,no,need of any new medical colleges in this country by any agency profit making or non profit making . There are enough medical colleges churning out substandard , poorly trained medical graduates .Already most private medical colleges are owed by rich or politicians. So no need to start any more. The need of the hour is quality and not quantity. Most private medical colleges are having on roll staff and not regular staff. All their Data is highly inflated. The quality of knowledge which doctors aged 65 yrs have is not there in new graduates. So have a mercy on poor citizens and do not start any more Private college. Need is to,bring the existing medical colleges to the standard that a medical colleges needs to,have . Further more all other central and state run medical facilities needs to,be strengthened and made accountable . Referral and evacuation system from primary to,tertiary medical,facility should be developed . The tragedy here is even the primary centre is so poor in provinding services that one can simply shudder thinking if your own kith and kin was to seek medical service there . Our present medical colleges are ill equipped , they lack in facilities that a normal standard medical college must have . Faculty members are practice oriented and non committed lot . Reason they are paid starvation wages . Very high quality training , assured placement I. Government run health facility with adequate salary ,ban on practice and development of state wide interlinked clinical service network is the need . Medical record keeping at all centres from primary health centre to the apex tertiary care unit in the chain of evacuation needs to,be developed . Health of an individual who reports at a primary centre should become total responsibility of the state including transfer of the patient to a higher centre , computerised nationally linked web WAN ( wide area network ) should,be developed and be functional to all health care providers working at any place in the country , involved in the care and treatment of a patient . Private sector must also have responsibility to maintain electronic records of patients and the same be connected to state,system for retrieval of the information of the patient . Internship should,be closely monitored and supervised with maintenance of interns logs and they be examined for their work place based competencies before being given an internship completion certificate . I have seen interns being totally unaware and unfamiliar with any good clinical oriented work and working as independent doctor a most are busy to have training for PG and most rely diagnostic blood tests and radiological tools as x-ray,usg,mrict scan for diagnosis only. DR ASHOK PANGARIYA IA NOTHING BUT IMF USA man HERE CHOOSEN BY PM MODI WITHOUT SEEING HIS CREDENTIALS,HE OPPOSED INDIA BEFORE IMF AND USA MANY TIMES AS STATED BY SUBRAMANIYAM SWAMY ,HE IS HERE TO EARN CRORES,A NEXT CHELLA OF DR KETAN DESAI,HE HAS FORMED NATIONAL MEDICAL COMMISSION WHERE 60% SEATS WILL BE ALOTTED BY PVT MEDICAL COLLEGES ON THE FEE STRUCTURE DECIDED BY THEM,A MBBS SEAT WILL BE SOLD FOR 2 TO 5 CRORES AND PG SEAT FOR 10-15 CRORES AND MCH,DM FOR 20 TO 30 CRORES,ONLY MIDDLE CLASS PEOPLE OR LOWER CLASS PEOPLE SEND THEIR SIBLINGS FOR STUDYING MEDICAL SO NO ONE WILL BE ABLE TO READ HERE ONLY BIG BUSNESSMEN,NRIS,INDUSTRALISTS OR FOREIGNERS ,POLITICIANS,BUREAUCRATS,JUDGES EARNING IN CRORES CAN AFFORD IT,SO NOW THEIR CHILDREN WILL BE DOCTORS AND THEN THEY WILL MULTISPECIALITY HOSPITALS AND MEDICAL COLLEGES AS ADVISED BY NITI AYOG WHER POOR WILL STARVE OR WILL DIE WITHOUT TREATMENT ,so what Pangariya and other colleagues and Members of NMC ,politically selected, incompetant bureaucrats or policy makers or their stooges or 1 to 2 doctors will EARN IN CRORES AS JUSTICE KABIR AND DR KETAN DESAI EARNED .By replacing Planning Commission to Niti Ayog nothing happened but all persons replace by new faces with poor credentials who enjoy big salaries,foreign trips with free air fare and meetings in 5 storey buildings.Same way by changing MCi nothing new will come as present day many elected members have got no say,mostly president secretary and few top office bearers are followers of Dr Ketan desai so doing all illegal works,send their selected few Assessors to different pvt medical colleges in name of computer selection and recognise such colleges where most of their indoor and outdoor patients list is fake,even fake nearby villagers are admitted on day of inspections with more than 60 percent ghost faculty teachers who are present on the day of assessment only with very few icu,ot,lab and diagnostic facilities and meagre teaching facilities,class rooms,libraries,play ground etc BUT as crores paid and share provided to top office bearers so WHERE EVERY BODY IS BLIND,DEAF AND DUMB , THESE ARE EVIDENT ON MANY TV STING OPERATIONS,BY SUPREME COURT BY PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE which recognise MCI as A MOST CORRUPT BODY RESPOSIBLE FOR A BUSINESS OF THOUSAND CRORES OF MEDICAL EDUCATION.Taking steps from this and SC intervention to introduce NEET ,Niti Ayog thought new idea of forming a NMC where Big houses has been allowed to open new colleges with discreation to keep their own fee in 6o percent seats where for any deficiency in medical college be it infrastructure of fake patients or ghost teachers or lack of medical educaton for up to 03 yrs by paying simple penality MEDICAL COLLEGES WILL BE ALLOWED TO RUN ,where few its members will decide every thing and even court will not be able to interfere in their decision.Beside this they will bring a MBBS and PG exit exam so that more people help foreign countries to establish fake medical colleges there as foreign students till date are allowed only for such exit examinations as MBBS or PG students will have to pass four semisttars and part clearance examinations and pg entrance test but IAS ,IPS,Pangariya like economic graduated passed a single post gradute exam or one PSC competition test with viva where every chance of selection by manipulation or favourism present but now these LESS EDUCATED AND IMCOMPETANT RULERS ,most of could not competer mbbs or enginnering PMT,PET TO BE DOCTORS OR ENGINEERS at their time AS PVT COLLEGES WERE NOT PRESENT THAT TIME WILL NOW GOVERN US,THE MOST TALENTED AND HARD WORKERS DOCTORS. Need of hour is that we replace MCI with good office bearers elected on good credentials rather than politically as selected from most state council and by centre and if they really work honestly and recognize PVT Medical Colleges on merit of good no of facilities where good no of patients are really treated,good faculties in enough number always present to impart good education rather all these on papers by DIGITAL ON LINE LIVE MONITORING NOT ON THE DAY OF INSPECTION BUT ROUND THE CLOCK ,VISIBLE TO ALL as offenders should be punished by a prompt judiciary rather than a RECOGNITION on payment.Fee should be decided by elected Government or MCI considering facilities of medical Colleges by grading and no need of many EXIT EXAM FOR ALREADY HEAVY BURDENED PASSOUT MBBS GRADUATE AS HE HAS TO TAKE EXAM FOR PG ENTRANCE TOO. Industralists or businessmen or politicians may be encouraged to open new medical colleges for imparting good knowledge by mind set of donations not for earning and multiplying their wealth as SUPREME COURT SAYS MEDICAL FIELD IS FOR EDUCATION AND SERVICE NOT FOR MINTING & PRINTING MONEY AS PREVALENT NOW A DAYS AND OUR NITI AYOG IS ALSO PROMOTING THE SAME. Would you like to share this with your colleagues? Email Be the first one to share this post


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Sep03
WHY ART CALLED HAART WHAT IS COUNITY VIRAL LOAD
WHY ART CALLED HAART WHAT IS COUNITY VIRAL LOAD
PROF.DRRAM ,HIV/AIDS,SEX Diseases, Hepatitis .& Deaddiction
profdrram@gmail.com,+917838059592,+919832025033,,INDIA
HIV/ AIDS,HEPATITIS,MODERN MEDICINES AT CHEAP RATE.
FOLLOW ON FACE BOOK:www.facebook.com/profdrram.
ART is the acronym commonly used today to describe HIV antiretroviral therapy. Previous to this, clinicians and scientist would use the term cART (combination antiretroviral therapy), and previous to that the popular term HAART was used to describe "highly active antiretroviral therapy."
Whatever the acronym used, the term implies the use of three or more antiretroviral drugs, either taken individually or in fixed dose combinations. The aim of therapy is to ensure the suppression of HIV to so-called "undetectable" levels—meaning that the virus is not fully eradicated, but is simply beneath detection levels of current testing assays.
As opposed to single-drug or dual-drug therapy, the combination of three or more active drugs is known to effectively suppress the variety of resistant HIV that can exist within a viral population. Essentially, if one drug is unable to suppress a certain viral mutation, the others will likely be able to do so.
High levels of adherence are needed in order to maintain therapeutic drug levels in the blood. If these levels fall beneath the therapeutic threshold, resistant strains are provided an opportunity to thrive. The larger these resistant populations, the less effective the drugs will be in suppressing HIV replication—eventually leading to viral rebound and treatment failure.
Classes of ART
There are currently five classes of antiretroviral drug, each of which inhibit a specific stage in the HIV life cycle:
Entry or Fusion inhibitors (which include CCR5 receptor antagonists)
Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI/NtRTI)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)
Integrase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Other classes of antiretrovirals are being investigated, while newer-generation drugs aim to improve tolerability, reduce adverse effects and simplify dosing for those on therapy.
To this end, an increasing number of fixed dose combination (FDC) drugs are now available, combining two or more drug into a single pill or tablet. Some, including Atripla ((tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz), Triumeq (abacavir + lamivudine + dolutegravir) and Stribild (tenofovir + emtricitabine + elvitegravir + cobicistat) offer all-on-one formulations for simplified, daily dosing.
Future of ART
With advances in HIV drug developments, ART is now being employed as a means to reverse infection rates in high prevalence HIV populations.The strategy, known as Treatment as Prevention (TasP), has been shown to reduce the risk of transmitting HIV by suppressing viral activity to undetectable levels. In doing so, the risk of transmission is reduced by as much as 96%.By ensuring widespread drug distribution, ART can lower the so-called "community viral load" (the median viral load within a community) to levels where the likelihood of transmission is significantly, even profoundly, reduced


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Sep03
What are the relevant MCI Regulations for Issuance of Medical Certificates
1.3.3 A Registered medical practitioner shall maintain a Register of Medical Certificates giving full details of certificates issued. When issuing a medical certificate he/she shall always enter the identification marks of the patient and keep a copy of the certificate. He/She shall not omit to record the signature and/or thumb mark, address and at least one identification mark of the patient on the medical certificates or report. The medical certificate shall be prepared as in Appendix 2.
1.4.1 Every physician shall display the registration number accorded to him by the State Medical Council/Medical Council of India in his clinic and in all his prescriptions, certificates, money receipts given to his patients.
1.4.2 Physicians shall display as suffix to their names only recognized medical degrees or such certificates/diplomas and memberships/honors, which confer professional knowledge or recognizes any exemplary qualification/achievements.
7.3 If he/she does not display the registration number accorded to him/her by the State Medical Council or the Medical Council of India in his clinic, prescriptions and certificates, etc. issued by him or violates the provisions of regulation 1.4.2.
7.7 Signing Professional Certificates, Reports and Other Documents: Registered medical practitioners are in certain cases bound by law to give, or may from time to time be called upon or requested to give certificates, notification, reports and other documents of similar character signed by them in their professional capacity for subsequent use in the courts or for administrative purposes etc. Such documents, among others, include the ones given at Appendix–4. Any registered practitioner who is shown to have signed or given under his name and authority any such certificate, notification, report or document of a similar character which is untrue, misleading or improper, is liable to have his name deleted from the Register.
Source: MCI Code of Ethics Regulations, 2002.


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Sep03
INDIAN MOS HEALTH ANUPRIYA PATEL SAYS "ILLEGAL SURROGACY IS A 2 BILLION DOLLAR INDUSTRY "
INDIAN MOS HEALTH ANUPRIYA PATEL SAYS "ILLEGAL SURROGACY IS A 2 BILLION DOLLAR INDUSTRY "



The government said commercial surrogacy has become a USD 2 billion illegal industry and a means to exploit vulnerable women even as it vowed not to let women in India become “baby factories”.

Minister of State for Health Anupriya Patel said commercial surrogacy has also become a means of exploiting children also, when they get abandoned. “We want to communicate that surrogacy should be the last option and we in no way are going to promote the idea of commercial surrogacy,” Patel told NDTV.


The minister also spoke on Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill 2016, which was recently approved by the Union Cabinet, and has drawn criticism from several quarters. She said the government is “conscious and sensitive” and various issues which has not been touched so far may be addressed in the course of discussions in the parliament. The bill is yet to be tabled in Parliament and there will be many more rounds of deliberation, Patel said.

“It’s a long process. I believe that the outcomes are going to be in the larger interest of the nation,” she said. She said 80 per cent of the total child births taking place through surrogacy in India are for foreign nationals. “Women in India are not baby factories. If you consider the total number of births of children which are taking place through surrogate mothers, 80 per cent of such births have been for foreign nationals. “Why are they doing this? Are Indian women only made for this purpose? They are trying to escape the tough laws of surrogacy in their own homeland and therefore they are coming to India because poor, vulnerable tribal women are easily available. They give them petty money,” she said. The bill proposes a complete ban on commercial surrogacy and allows only legally-wedded Indian couples to opt for it. It also seeks to bar unmarried couples, single parents, live-in partners and homosexuals from opting for surrogacy.

I THINK WHAT SHE SAYS IS ALMOST CORRECT ILLEGAL SURROGACY TREAT OUR POOR MOTHERS BADLY AND ONLY AS COMMIDITY TO BE PURCHASED BY MONEY


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Mar11
What really is health, wealth and, or happiness?
In the midst of our pursuit of whatever we’re after, it’s easy to get so distracted that we lose sight of what matters—and before we know it, we waste our time chasing the wrong things.

It’s fine to set goals and pursue things in life. However, you don’t need whatever you’re pursuing to live a meaningful life.

“Very little is needed to make a happy life; it is all within yourself, in your way of thinking.”– Marcus Aurelius

Disease will never be cured or eradicated by popular materialistic methods, for the simple reason that disease in its origin is not material.


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Jan05
APPROACH TO ANAEMIA IN GENERAL PRACTICE
APPROACH TO ANAEMIA IN GENERAL PRACTICE
DR.S.ABBAS ALI
MD DNB MNAMS
Fellowship in cardiology
PGDCC (ultrasonography)
PGDCC(Echocardiogram)
FCGP,MCCP (Cardiology)
Lecturer, department of medicine
KD MEDICAL COLLEGE, MATHURA

Anaemia is usually defined clinically as a reduction of the haemoglobin concentration to less than 13g/dl (males) or less than 12g/dl (females). Haemoglobin constitutes about 1% of total body weight. It is a common problem in general practice.
Degree of Anaemia: Anaemia is often classified as mild degree (9-11 gm %), moderate
(7-9 gms %), severe (4-7 gm %) and very severe (<4gm %). It is also classified according to Haematocrit (PCV) %.
While evaluating of the patient with anemia and making of specific diagnosis requires a clinical assessment and laboratory investigations. The two must be put together for a comprehensive diagnosis.
Clinical assessment requires careful history and physical examination.
A careful evaluation of medical history often gives vital clues to the cause of anemia. The acuity of anemia, association with other symptoms & history of any chronic illness are important. Some important points
History Comments
Age Iron def. rare before 6 months
Neonatal anemia with reticulocytosis suggests blood loss or Hemolysis.
B-thal. sickle cell anemia appear by 4-8 mths. of age

Genetic & family history X-linked: G-6-PD def
Autosomal dominant: Spherocytosis
Autosomal recessive: Sickle cell anemia, Fanconi
Family member with h/o early cholecystectomy/ biliary calculus
Race & Ethnicity

Nutrition Cows milk & iron deficiency
Strict vegetarian: B12 deficiency
Goat’s milk: Folate def.
Pica, Plumbism & iron def.

Drugs G-6-PD def
Immune mediated hemolysis (Penicillin)
Bone marrow suppression
Phenytoin & folate def.

Diarrhea Malabsorption of iron, B12 &E
Inflammatory bowel disease
Milk protein allergy- chronic blood loss
Intestinal resection & B12 def

Infection Giardia- iron def
Intestinal bacterialovergrowth- blind loop & B12
Epstein barr, CMV & Parvo virus- Bone marrow suppression
Malaria, Kalazar, Chronic infection


Nutritional history related to drugs or alcohol intake and family history of anemia should always be assessed. Certain geographic backgrounds and ethnic origins are associated with an increased likelihood of an inherited disorder of the hemoglobin molecule or intermediary metabolism. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and certain hemoglobinopathies are seen more commonly in those of Middle Eastern or African origin, including African Americans who have a high frequency of G6PD deficiency. Other information that may be useful includes exposure to certain toxic agents or drugs and symptoms related to other disorders commonly associated with anemia.
Physical Examination
 General appearance of child & assessment of growth parameters helps decide the acuity or chronicity of anemia & other associated illnesses.
 Look for signs of trauma
 Presence of petecie, bruising & ecchymosis
 Lymphadenopathy, Hepato-spleenomegaly & abdominal mass. Splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy suggest an underlying lymphoproliferative disease,
 Prominent cheek bones, frontal bossing indicates hemolytic anemia
 Associated congenital malformations- Fanconi anemia.
 Tell tale signs of any chronic illness e.g. hypertension, short stature, arthritis, cluubing, cyanosis etc.
 petechiae suggest platelet dysfunction
 blood in the stool
 In the anemic patient, physical examination may demonstrate a forceful heartbeat, strong peripheral pulses, and a systolic "flow" murmur. The skin and mucous membranes may be pale if the hemoglobin is <80–100 g/L (8–10 g/dL). This part of the physical examination should focus on areas where vessels are close to the surface such as the mucous membranes, nail beds, and palmar creases. If the palmar creases are lighter in color than the surrounding skin when the hand is hyperextended, the hemoglobin level is usually <80 g/L
Laboratory Evaluation: Initial Laboratoryy workup of anemia requires

1. Complete blood count (CBC) and it is the single most important investigation in anaemia. It
should include Hb, Hct, WBC, platelet count and RBC indices viz. RBC count, MCV, MCH, and RDW. The components of the CBC also help in the classification of anemia. Microcytosis is reflected by a lower than normal MCV (<80), whereas high values (>100) reflect macrocytosis. The MCH and MCHC reflect defects in hemoglobin synthesis (hypochromia). Automated cell counters describe the red cell volume distribution width (RDW).
2. Peripheral blood smear examination: A careful evaluation of the peripheral blood smear is important, and clinical laboratories often provide a description of both the red and white cells, a white cell differential count, and the platelet count. In patients with severe anemia and abnormalities in red blood cell morphology and/or low reticulocyte counts, a bone marrow aspirate or biopsy can assist in the diagnosis. The peripheral blood smear also provides important information about defects in red cell production. As a complement to the red cell indices, the blood smear also reveals variations in cell size (anisocytosis) and shape (poikilocytosis).
3. Reticulocyte count: An accurate reticulocyte count is key to the initial classification of anemia. Normally, reticulocytes are red cells that have been recently released from the bone marrow. Normally, the reticulocyte count ranges from 1 to 2% and reflects the daily replacement of 0.8–1.0% of the circulating red cell population.

The above triad comprises the primary investigations in anaemia and can be performed
on a single EDTA blood sample.
Secondary investigations are guided by the results of the above tests in a given clinical context, and may include
1. Tests of Iron Supply and Storage: they include serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity, serum iron, serum transferring percentage. This tests reflect the availability of iron for hemoglobin synthesis. The percent transferrin saturation is derived by dividing the serum iron level (x 100) by the TIBC. The normal serum iron ranges from 9 to 27 mol/L (50–150 g/dL), while the normal TIBC is 54–64 mol/L (300–360 g/dL); the normal transferrin saturation ranges from 25 to 50%. A diurnal variation in the serum iron leads to a variation in the percent transferrin saturation. The serum ferritin is used to evaluate total body iron stores. Adult males have serum ferritin levels that average ~100 g/L, corresponding to iron stores of ~1 g. Adult females have lower serum ferritin levels averaging 30 g/L, reflecting lower iron stores (~300 mg). A serum ferritin level of 10–15 g/L represents depletion of body iron stores. However, ferritin is also an acute-phase reactant and, in the presence of acute or chronic inflammation, may rise several-fold above baseline levels. As a rule, a serum ferritin more than 200 g/L means there is at least some iron in tissue stores.
2. vitamin B12, and RBC folate levels
3. Hb electrophoresis and quantitation (Hb A2, Hb F etc)
4. Blood biochemistry for hepatic and renal functions
5. Bone-marrow aspiration
6. Trephine biopsy from bone marrow
7. Imaging studies may include X-ray chest/ skull/ other bones as warranted, ultrasound abdomen, radio-isotope studies
8. Other specialized tests include Coombs test, osmotic fragility, Ham s test, erythropoietin level, immunocytochemistry, cytogenetics etc
CLINICAL APPROACH TO A PATIENT WITH ANAEMIA
Anaemia is not a disease by itself but only a manifestation of disease. Hence, it is imperative to look for the underlying disease responsible for anaemia.
KEY ISSUES to decide in a patient with anaemia are:
1. Is it a TRUE anaemia?
2. Is the anaemia HEREDIATARY or ACQUIRED?
3. Is there any ABNORMAL BLEEDING?
4. Is there exposure to DRUGS, CHEMICALS, or TOXINS?
5. Is there a co-existing SYSTEMIC DISEASE
6. What is the nature of DIET and ETHNICITY.
CLASSIFICATION OF ANAEMIA broadly anaemia is classified in to
Hereditary : the defect often lies within the RBC. It means its Hb or- its enzyme or- its membrane. Reticulocyte count is high in hereditary anemias.
Acquired: here The defect is often extra-corpuscular
Classification Based on RETICULOCYTE INDEX Normal 0.2 – 2.0%
Reticulocyte count Very Low indicates a decreased RBC production in bone-marrow.
RETICULOCYTE COUNT Very High indicates an excessiveproduction of RBCs in bone-marrow anaemia results from either excessive destruction or excessiveloss of RBCs
RETICULOCYTE Normal (0.2- 2.0%) indicates no positive diagnostic
Classification of anaemia based on MCV (RBC Size) : MCV or mean corpuscular volume is an important parameter to classify anemia.
Microcytic (MCV <80 fl or femtolitres): it is due to inadequate Hb synthesis
Causes
1. Iron deficiency anaemia – commonest
2. Thalasmia
3. Lead toxicity
4. Anaemia of chronic disease
5. Sideroblastic anaemia
Macrocytic (MCV >100 fl)
Causes
MEGALOBLASTIC: Altered DNA synthesisleading to large & fluffy nucleus in the early RBCs
1. Usually from vitamin B12, folate deficiency, or some enzymatic involvement. Segmented nutrophils commonly associated with B12 or folate deficiency anaemia
2. Diet and drugs are the commonest culprit.
3. Increased demand may occur in haemolysis and during pregnancy & lactation
NON-MEGALOBLASTIC: DNA in red cells is normal or OK.
Causes:
1. Liver diseases
2. Alcoholism
3. Aplastic anemia
4. Hypothyroidism
Normocytic (MCV 80-100 fl) Most anaemias start as normocytic. In most diseases, it remains normocytic only
Causes
1. Anaemia of blood loss
2. Anaemia of chronic disease ( sometimes low MCV)
3. Bone marrow failure
4. Renal failure
Differential diagnosis of microcytic anaemia
IRON DIFICIENCY ANAEMIA – DIAGN0SIS THROUGH LAB INVESTIGATIONS
Hb% -- ---low
Serum ferritin ------ low
Total iron binding capacity -----very high
Serum iron ------low
MCV -----low
THALASMIA: It is due to defect in globin chain.
Hb%------normal
Serum ferritin ------normal
Total iron binding capacity------- normal
Serum iron --------normal
MCV ------low
Sideroblastic anaemia
Serum iron : increased
Serum ferritin: increased
Total iron binding capacity: normal
MCV----low
Anaemia of chronic disease:
Serum iron : low
Serum ferritin : increased
Total iron binding capacity : decreased
MCV-----low

Management
The treatment of anemia depends on the cause. Deficiency anemia can be effectively treated by therapeutic doses of the deficient mineral or vitamins. In anaemias, a right treatment may bring patient back to life whereas an inappropriate or delayed treatment may take life away


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Apr03
HIV/AIDS: HOW TO LIVE WITH HIV /AIDS ONCE DIAGNOSED ,WE SHOULD FACE IT BOLDLY,INTERACT & SHARE WITH OTHERS COINFECTED AND LIVA A NORMAL LIFE
HIV/AIDS: HOW TO LIVE WITH IT,FACE BOLDLY,INTERACT & SHARE

PROF.DRRAM ,HIV/AIDS,SEX DIS.,SEX WEAK.& ABORTION EXPERT
profdrram@gmail.com
+917838059592, +919832025033
DELHI –NCR, INDIA
HIV/ AIDS,CANCER LATEST MEDICINES AVAILABLE AT CHEAP RATE.
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As few as 10 years ago, AIDS was considered an automatic death sentence. From the time a person developed full-blown AIDS to the time of death was generally a couple of years or less. Thanks to new medications, the face of HIV/AIDS is changing dramatically. For a new generation, it has become a chronic condition rather than a terminal one. It can be difficult to live well with a chronic illness, but it is far from impossible.Good and regular medicine with good excercise and food having vegetables and fruits devoid of any bad habits like smoking,nicotine or drug,alcohol intake and loyality with partner with use of condom bring life to a sage which is qualitatively and quantitavely as good as of normal person except of regular intake of medicines with certain precautions and conducting some tests at some intervaland being in constanct touch with the treating physician or centre or hospital.

Following Instructions may further help a positive person:--
1.Learn as much as possible about HIV/AIDS. If you are newly diagnosed, the book “The First Year” can be a tremendous source of help and support. You may also want to consider signing up for the AIDS Info email newsletter to receive the newest information about research and treatment. 2.Remember that HIV/AIDS does not have to be–and usually is not–a death sentence. With good medical care, you can live a relatively normal, healthy life.
3.Find a doctor who has experience treating people with AIDS. Your family doctor may be able to recommend someone. This specialist should coordinate and oversee all your care.
4.Follow the treatment regimen you and your doctor agree upon. Keep medical appointments and take medications as instructed.
5.Talk with your doctor about any unpleasant side effects from the medication. There may be other medicines you can try or things you can do to ease the side effects. Never just stop taking a medication without first talking to your doctor.
6.Keep up with other areas of your health, too. Eat nutritionally balanced meals, exercise at least 30 minutes three times per week, avoid recreational drugs and drinking to excess and get plenty of rest. Taking these steps will help bolster your immune system.
7.Disclose your HIV/AIDS status as appropriate. People who need to know include any doctor or dentist providing health services for you, sexual partners and people with whom you have shared needles. You may also decide to tell friends and family so they can be available to support you. You are not legally required to tell your employer.
8.Continue working as long as you are physically able to do so. It is easy to get depressed and discouraged when you have no job to challenge you.
9.Maintain an active social schedule. You may be tired and not feel like doing as much as you used to do. That is normal. But you should avoid becoming a recluse. For instance, if you are too exhausted to go bar hopping, invite a couple of friends over to watch a movie instead.
10.Monitor your emotional status. Learning to live with a chronic disease can be a challenge, and you may find yourself becoming sad, moody, or angry. Even if you are not completely convinced you need it, seek counseling or a support group for other HIV positive people through your local AIDS service organization.
11.Help other friends of HIV in your surrounding,make group and participate ,such group will not let you alone in society and face society boldly with this group,share information with others and help them and vice versa ,never get depressed or think otherwise,face it and you will win the race.


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Mar03
Complete Detoxifying Solution! You will feel an auspicious change within one month !
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Mar02
RESEARCH ARTICLE ON STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF HIV INFECTION AMONG TUBERCULOSIS AND NON TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS
STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF HIV INFECTION AND IT’S CLINICAL PROFILE AMONG TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS AND NON-TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS – CASE CONTROL STUDY
DR.S.ABBAS ALI
MD, DNB,MNAMS
FCGP, FPC (cardiology)
PGDHSc (Ultrasonography)
PGDHSc (Echocardiogram)
M : 9412178773
Email: dr.abbas1968@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is a major opportunistic infection in HIV patients’ world wide. Many patients were being treated for tuberculosis without knowledge of the presence or absence of concurrent HIV infection. Relapse rate is high in HIV-TB, which may be due to re-infections rather than true relapse of TB. Detection of HIV status in a TB patient is critical from both patient and public health perspectives and for holistic management of HIV-TBpatients
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HIV infection and its clinical profile among tuberculosis patients (Cases) and Non-TB patients (Controls)
Methods: A case-control study study was conducted at SKM hospital, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh during the period September 2009 to February 2011. 252 proven Tuberculosis patients as cases and 252 non-tuberculosis patients (having similar clinical features like TB) as controls selected stratified random sampling method
Results: Out of 252 tuberculosis patients 26 were HIV seropositive and none was positive in Non-TB patients. The percentage of prevalence in TB patients was 10.3%. The prevalence in males 13.2% (19/143) and in females, 6.4% (7/252), 12 (46.15%) were married and 14 (53.85%) were singles, 17 (65.38%) patients were Hindus and 9 (34.62%) were Muslims. 14 (53.85%) patients were from rural areas and 12 (46.15%) patients were from urban areas. 96.2% HIV –TB patients has income below 10000/Rs and all most all HIV – TB patients has heterosexual sexual behavior and not used protective measures during unprotected extramarital sex. The most peculiar clinical features of HIV seropositive TB patients of this study were chronic diarrhea (73%) aphthous ulceration (92.3%), pain in abdomen (38.4%) oral candidiasis (26%) lymphadenopathy (39.8%).
Conclusions: HIV seroprevalence was higher among TB patients and calls for routine HIV screening and counseling of TB suspects for holistic management. Despite the synergy between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) epidemics, the public health responses have largely been separate. Intensive efforts and early diagnosis of HIV infection among tuberculosis patients was crucial for holistic management of HIV-TB patients. With this study screening of HIV antibodies in TB patients adds one more classification, which will be more helpful in predicting prognosis of disease.


Classification
TB: it is assumed all TB cases (pulmonary and extra-pulmonary) were curable. It can be easily diagnosed by AFB sputum and x-ray chest PA View
Resistant TB: it includes MDR-TB and XDR-TB, which can be easily predicted with the help of previous prescriptions. Management of Resistant TB was beyond the reach of family physician and can be referred to higher centre.
HIV-TB: Can be easily diagnosed in TB patients by rapid card tests. Beside ATT it requires services of nearest ART centre.
Knowledge of HIV status in a TB patient is critical from both patient and public health perspectives. In those patients who test seropositive for HIV, better care can be provided in the form of effective combined antitubercular (ATT) therapy and antiretroviral treatment. ATT was alone insufficient for the treatment of HIV seropositive TB and it was observed during this study that curative outcome was more with addition of antiretroviral therapy. If a HIV-positive TB patient on ATT worsens or fails to improve with therapy, the possibility of other co-existing opportunistic infections or immune reconstitution syndrome should be considered. Knowledge of a person's HIV serostatus also provides the opportunity to administer prophylaxis for opportunistic infections and thereby reduces morbidity and mortality. The spouse and relatives of HIV-seropositve patients may also be counseled on HIV infection and its modes of transmission and prognosis, preventing the spread of infection. Spouses may be educated on safe sex practices and may be offered testing themselves.


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