ORAL SEX OR FELLATIO-HIV/AIDS and otherr STds;SEMEN DRINKING HARM

PROF.DRRAM ,HIV/AIDS,SEX DISEASES,SEX WEAKNESS & ABORTION SPECIALIST
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MAN TO MAN OR MAN TO WOMAN or vice versa ORAL SEX is enjoying but some time leads to seriuos DISEASES OF LOW INFECTIVITY LIKE HIV/AIDS/HERPES etc so is question of lickin ,drinking semen if infected and oral cavity mucosa is breahed or gut mucosa or denture lining is rubbed off or inflammed disease transmission may occur BUT AS USUAL SUCH TRANSMISSION IS OF LOW INFECTIVITY.

Therefore it can be ddescribed as below:-----
1. Oral Sex Is A Lower-Risk Sexual Activity, But It Is Not A Risk-Free Sexual Activity.
Oral sex can transmit certain kinds of sexually transmitted diseases, but it can also transmit colds and flu viruses and the germs that cause soft tissue infections. Cuts and sores in the mouth of the partner performing oral sex and on the penis of the partner receiving oral sex offer easy entry to infectious microorganisms into bloodstream, even if they aren't visible to the naked eye. Chapped lips and sores on the lips also receive and transmit infection, as can gums damaged by gingivitis.Severe sperm allergy as sen in 10-20% of ladies after vaginal intercourse leading to infertility to Urticaria,itching, swelling of ext Genitilia or cevrvix or vagina and severe infectionis not usually seen with oral sex as protein in semen may be allergant to another person.and afte eating it is neutralised by salive gastric hcl and enzymes so severity is not that much.there is no benefit with Semen drinking except to raise orgasm and sexual pleasure,energy or protein is of very less quality and quantity.

2. A Male Receiving Fellatio Can Receive Infections From His Partner Performing Oral Sex.
Certain kinds of infections can be passed from the mouth of the partner performing fellatio to the man receiving it. This is particularly true of gonorrhea and chlamydia. In a study of men who have sex with men in San Francisco which focused on men who only receive oral sex, never giving it, about 4.1% were found to have become infected with chlamydia and about 4.8% were found to have become infected with gonorrhea, without having performed oral sex on another man. There were similar rates of these infections in men who reported only have active anal sex with other men.

3. Transmission Of HIV During Unprotected Oral Sex Is Rare But Not Impossible.
The virus that causes AIDS is relatively seldom transmitted during oral sex. There are relatively few of the kind of white blood cell, the CD4+ cell, that HIV infects, in the gums and in the lining of the mouth. If the lining of the mouth and throat are intact, there is relatively little risk of the partner performing fellatio's catching the disease. There are only a few known cases of men getting infected with HIV while receiving a blow job without wearing a condom. However, the presence of cuts, scratches, sores, or abrasions, including abrasions from friction due to excessive sexual activity, can create tiny passageways for the virus. Cavities in the teeth can also become an entryway for the virus. There is much greater risk of exposure to the virus from semen than from saliva.
4. Transmission Of Herpes During Unprotected Oral Sex Is Very Possible, And Not Especially Unusual.

When someone is infected with the herpesvirus, he or she remains capable of infecting others even when there aren't any active sores. Although there hasn't been a new survey since 1993, the last time a study of genital herpes was conducted in the USA, antibodies to the infection were found in 45% of African-Americans, 22% of Mexican-Americans, and 17% of white Americans. Nearly all Americans of any race have been exposed to the milder form of herpes that causes cold sores. It is possible to transmit a cold sore from the mouth to the penis, although this does not always happen after contact

HEPATITIS B TREATMENT : EITHER ALONE OR WITH HIV /AIDS & HCV INFECTION -RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS
DR.D.R.NAKIPURIA ,SENIOR GASTRO INTEST SPECIALIST & HIV/AIDS CONSULTANT drnakipuria@gmail.com, 09434143550,09832025O33
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Treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has advanced as fast as approval of new drugs has led to higher response rates.

Nucleoside/nucleotide analogs are the mainstay of hepatitis B treatment. FDA-approved options include Baraclude (entecavir), Epivir (lamivudine or 3TC), Hepsera (adefovir dipivoxil), Tyzeka (telbivudine), and Viread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate). Emtriva (emtricitabine) is also active against HBV, but has not yet been approved for this purpose. These are all pills taken once daily. Conventional interferon and pegylated interferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) are also approved for treating hepatitis B. The more potent formulation, Pegasys, is injected once weekly.

Not everyone with hepatitis B needs treatment, depending on the extent of liver damage and other factors. A complete cure, meaning HBV clearance and development of protective antibodies, is uncommon. But most people can achieve viral load suppression, which lowers their risk of developing liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Treatment usually lasts for at least one year, and many people stay on nucleoside/nucleotide analogs for several years to maintain viral suppression.

There are three ways to measure hepatitis B treatment response. Virologic response means suppression of viral replication, ideally reaching undetectable HBV DNA viral load in the blood. Biochemical response is normalization of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase, or ALT. Serological response refers to clearance of HBV antigens and development of antibodies (seroconversion).

U.S. and European treatment guidelines recommend Baraclude or Viread monotherapy for first-line hepatitis B treatment for HIV-negative people. These drugs offer the best overall response rates and a high barrier to resistance. There are two types of HBV, hepatitis B "e" antigen (HBeAg) negative and positive, the latter being harder to treat. In clinical trials, virologic response rates for Baraclude and Viread were 90% and 93%, respectively, for HBeAg-negative people, and 67% and 76% for HBeAg-positive people. Both drugs are generally safe and well tolerated, though tenofovir can sometimes cause bone loss and kidney impairment. Combining nucleoside/nucleotide analogs does not significantly improve response for hepatitis B treatment-naïve people, but it may be beneficial for people with drug-resistant HBV.

Lamivudine, which is available in a generic formulation, is the least expensive treatment, but drug resistance is common. Pegylated interferon promotes HBeAg seroconversion, and combining interferon with nucleoside/nucleotide analogs improves effectiveness. But interferon can cause difficult side effects, and combining it with Tyzeka can cause peripheral neuropathy.

Viread, Epivir, and Emtriva are active against both HBV and HIV. Guidelines recommend that people with HIV and HBV co-infection should include dually active drugs in their antiretroviral regimen. HIV/HBV co-infection should be managed by clinicians who have experience treating both diseases, since using these medications incorrectly can lead to drug resistance in one or both viruses.if cd4 count is low then first HIV treatment started and later HBV is started and drugs mostly choosen Tenofovir Fumarate with Lamivudine or Emtricitabine with Ritonavir boosted Atazanavir or daruprenavir .But if HBV detected with HIV and whatever CD4 c ount being presentHIV treatment is immedaitely started.With HCV first started HIV and then pegalyated Interferon 2a or 2b started as tackle both HCV and HBV with it Ribavarin added which kill HCV.New DASS drugs like Sobosfuvir,Sime revir ,GS5885 ,Tela previr,Sovaprevir Boceprevir may be also helpful. HBV can be prevented by a three-dose vaccine. This is now included in routine infant vaccinations and is recommended for many adults, including gay men, pregnant women, and people with HIV or hepatitis C.

SCRAPPING OF 377 IPC OR DECRAMINALISATION AND LOVE FOR GAY,LESBIAN, HINJARAS,TRANSGENDERS AND BISEXUALS IS MUST AS MORE WE SUPRESS THESE MAN/WOMAN FOR THEIR NO FAULT AS NO ONE CAN BE PUNISHED FOR ATTITUDE ,BEHAVIOUR ANS STYLE OF LIVING AS ONCE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT CANNOT BE PUNISHED FOR ANY ACTIVITY HE/SHE PERFORMS IN BED ROOM WITHOUT ANY PROVOCATION IN SOCIETY OR VULGAR BEHAVIOUR AS MAJORITY DOESNOT PRACTICE HOMOSEXUALITY SO LGBT CANNOT OR SHOULD NOT BE PUNISHED.
REVIEW PETITION AGAINST SUPREME COURT TO DECRAMINALISE AND RESPECT,LOVE AND RECOGNITION TO LGBRT IS VERY MUCH NEEDED TO CURB HI/AIDS AND OTHERSEXUAL TRANSMITTED DISEASES AS IT IS FACT MEN TO MEN SEX MAY LEAD TO HIGH HIV/AIDS BUT IT IS BECAUSE OF UNSAFE SEX OR UNPROTECTED SEX WHICH IS A WRONG PRACTICE WHICH IS ALSO SEN IN MANY HETROSEXUALS,SO DISEASE IS A DISEASE FOR A DISEASE A GROUP CAN BE STIGMATISED,DISCRIMINATED OR CRIMINALISED .

PROF.DRRAM ,HIV/AIDS,SEX DISEASES,SEX WEAKNESS & ABORTION SPECIALIST
profdrram@gmail.com,07838059592, DELHI –NCR,marriage & sex counseling
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On 11 December 2013, the streets outside the Supreme Court of India thronged with a dazed crowd, hugging, sobbing and not quite sure what had happened. Inside the hushed courtroom, the judges had just passed a devastating ruling. Lesbians, gays, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in India had once again been labelled criminals. Section 377, the 152-year-old colonial law that banned gay sex, had been upheld by the Highest Court of Law of India saying that amending or repealing Section 377 should be a matter left to Parliament, not the judiciary.

For gay and lesbian Indians, the Supreme Court verdict means that they become vulnerable to harassment all over again. In India, domestic partnership and adoption—things that straight people take for granted—cannot even be discussed by activists because Section 377 makes it illegal to engage in gay sex. Under the colonial law, men could be jailed for 10 years for having sex with men, an act which was classed as an ‘unnatural offence’ along with paedophilia and bestiality. How can one talk about rights when the legal framework makes you a criminal?

In 2001, on behalf of the Naz Foundation (India) Trust and with the help of the NGO Lawyers Collective, I began to put together the public interest litigation against Section 377. Apart from just coming out and shouting from the rooftops about our human rights, trying to change the law was the only thing we could do. The everyday harassment of gay men by police and thugs also strengthened my resolve to fight for this cause. Although gay men are rarely prosecuted under Section 377, they are often intimidated or exploited because of it.

Once, while I was coordinating the Naz Foundation’s programme for men who have sex with men’ (MSM), a whole group of our clients were badly beaten up. They were walking home from a support meeting when they were attacked by some street boys with iron bars and hockey sticks. Many of them got their heads smashed that night and had to be taken to the hospital. We knew who did it. I wanted to make a police complaint but we could not because of the law. The police had a history of raiding groups who worked with gay men and of rounding up and arresting outreach workers. We were afraid. The men who were beaten up were also afraid to speak out. They were not ready to own up to being gay publicly; they thought they would be criminalised. In the end we made no complaint.

I had begun my journey to becoming a gay rights activist when, as an 11-year-old schoolboy in Delhi, I realised I was attracted to men. I grew up surrounded by a ‘conspiracy of silence’, in which nobody even spoke of the possibility of homosexuality. I would have been happy to hear something I could latch onto or fight with, but there was just silence—a mind-numbing and suffocating silence. There was this hypocrisy—it’s okay to do what you want to do in the bedroom but you do not talk about it in the living room. I found this appalling.

I got into gay activism in my early twenties. I realized that voicing my feelings openly began to heal the years of silence and oppression that I had faced as a gay boy growing up. But before I could go public, I had to tell my mother. After having kept my sexuality secret from family and friends for a decade I came out to my mum, whose matter of fact reply was such a delightful relief for me. She said simply, “So what?”

Most gay Indians do not have the privilege of being born to such liberal parents. After confiding in my family, I began working with gay organisations, starting with the Humsafar Trust in Mumbai and then Naz in Delhi. I became an open gay rights activist. I wrote a magazine column. I did training workshops and seminars. I was vociferous in the media. I organised protests and did work with the National Human Rights Commission on the psychiatric mistreatment of homosexual patients by the medical fraternity.

Gay men are more than fifteen times more likely to contract HIV than the average Indian, and many groups lobbied for Section 377 to be overturned on the grounds that it pushes gay men underground, increasing vulnerability to HIV. The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), the governmental leading the response to the epidemic in India, came out against Section 377 in 2006, arguing that the law made HIV prevention more difficult. The then Health Minister of India Shri Anbumani Ramadoss and many AIDS organisations, including the India HIV/AIDS Alliance where I now work as a Director, also called for the law to be abolished in order to protect public health. Our consistent efforts did lead to a sweet victory (now turned sour) when Section 377′s criminalisation of consensual sex between adults was declared unconstitutional by the Delhi High Court in July 2009. Constitutional morality had prevailed upon public morality, but this victory was short-lived.

The 2009 ruling had a huge impact, opening the floodgates of demand for social acceptance by LGBT people. Cities including Delhi and Mumbai have held gay pride marches; young gay people and their families are being interviewed by journalists on primetime television; Bollywood films now have gay characters. Bombay Dost, a gay magazine, has been re-launched and is no longer sold furtively wrapped in brown paper. This cultural shift gave us some degree of comfort to believe that the general population was ready for real social change. But there was plenty of opposition too. Religious groups, leaders of the BJP (the Hindu nationalist party), and hundreds of millions of ordinary Indians, especially those in rural areas, still find homosexuality unacceptable.

This social discrimination will be much harder to change now that the law again upholds it instead of denigrating it. In small towns of India, it is still not easy for people to reveal their sexual orientation to their family. Even in Delhi, young gay men need guidance and support to come out. Gay men succumb to the social pressure around them and keep their sexuality secret. When I was in my late teens I asked a man I met at a cruising spot whether he would ever get married (to a woman). “I already am,” he replied, “Isn’t everyone?”

But despite these challenges, things can improve if we choose to believe in ourselves. When I chose to come out and start working as a gay rights activist, I used the very stigma which tried to oppress gay men as a weapon to create my own life of freedom and help others along the way. Today I am not only a political activist working on sexuality issues but also a writer on the subject. My sexuality, a source of anxiety in my early years, has defined, quite successfully, who I am and what I have chosen to do with my life.

And even as I write this, the Government of India has appealed to the apex court seeking a review of its judgment on Section 377, saying that ruling falls foul of the principles of equality and liberty. Let us hope that all our rights will once again be preserved.

HIV MORE SEEN IN GAYS AND LESBIANS AS MOSTLY SAFE AND PROTECTED SEX IS NOT PRACTISED ,SECONDLY IF LESS REPORTING OR CRIMININALITY ATTACHED THEN LGBT COMMUNITY WILL HIDE IT AND SO MSM OR HIJRA OR TRANS GENDER SEX WILL BE HIGH AND RESULTING IN MORE HIV /AIDS,SECONDARILY THIS ANAL SEX LEADS TO INCREASED ANAL CANCER BECAUSE OF HIGH HPV AND HIV INFECTION.HPV HAS BEEN SEN IN VIRGIN FEMALE TOO IF ANAL SEX OR RUBBING OF BODIES BETWEEN INFECTED FEMALES OCCUR ALTHOUGH FEMALE IS VIRGIN ,SO NOWPAP SMEAR TO SEE CERVICAL SCREENING IN VIRGIN FEMALE IS ALSO ADVISED IN UK AND USA AS HPV MAY INFECT VIA ANAL SEX OR TOYS OR BY BODY OR ORAL CONTACT OR SEX.

THERFORE ON ADVICE OF NACO AND LGBT SOCIETY GOVT OF INDIA HAS FILED REAPPEAL TO CURB 377 OR FREE LGBT SOCIETY AND LET THEM TO TAKE AS NORMAL PERSON WITHOUT CRIMINALITY,DISCRIMINATION AND STIGMA

An article in Medical Xpress showed that older HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) are at higher risk of infection from the strains of human papilloma virus (HPV) that cause anal cancer. HPV, which causes cervical cancer in women, also can cause anal cancer in both women and men.
Researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Nursing, led by Dorothy J. Wiley, associate professor at UCLA School of Nursing, reviewed data on 1,200 men from four U.S. locations. Participants were examined twice a year for 25 years. During semiannual visits, healthcare providers examined all participants for demographic, sexual, behavioral, and HIV-infection characteristics as well as tested for HPV. Approximately 49 percent of the participants were HIV-infected.
Findings showed that HPV infection was common among the participants, and the proportion of participants with HPV was high among 40-69-year-olds. HIV-infected participants from this same age range had a higher risk of HPV infection than participants not infected with HIV. HIV-infected participants taking antiretrovirals as prescribed had a lower risk of acquiring the HPV infections that cause cancers. Also, not using tobacco lowered the risk of HPV infections for all participants.
Wiley noted that the findings highlight the benefit of adhering to treatment for HIV-infected MSM as a means of cancer prevention. This study also demonstrates the need for developing more effective HPV infection prevention, including vaccination of age-eligible males and screening and treatment for high-risk MSM.
The full report, "Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Strongly and Weakly Carcinogenic and Lower-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in Anal Specimens in a Cohort of Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM),"

BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT USED TO TREAT LYMPHOMA OR BLOOD CANCER IN HIC PATIENTS HAS CURED PATIENTS OF HIV IN MANY STUDIES TILL NOW EVEN VIRUS NOT DETECTABLE IN LIVING SURVIVALS (MAY BE IN THEIR BRAIN ) AFTER PT STOPPED TREATMENT -SO DOES BONE MARROE A CURE FOR HIV? CERTAINLY NOT AS VERY COSTLY AND SUCH THERAPY IS DANGEROUS TOO AS CAUSES HIGH MORTALITY OR DEATHS SO IT IS NOT CURE FOR HIV- BUT YES PROVIDING MORE HINTS TO TREAT HIV IN HUMAN BEINGS.


PROF.DRRAM ,HIV/AIDS,SEX DISEASES,SEX WEAKNESS & ABORTION SPECIALIST
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Two HIV-positive lymphoma patients who received bone marrow transplants to treat their cancer no longer have detectable virus in their blood cells — even after stopping antiretroviral therapy in recent weeks, researchers reported Wednesday at the International AIDS Society Conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
While saying it was too early to declare the men cured, Dr. Timothy Henrich and Dr. Daniel Kuritzkes, both of the division of infectious diseases at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, called the results “exciting” and said they would help guide scientists’ efforts to fight HIV.
But bone marrow transplants are highly unlikely to become a standard therapy for people with HIV, Henrich said in an interview with The Times.
The news arrives on the heels of several interesting cases where HIV has, apparently, been eradicated in infected patients. In 2007, Timothy Brown, the so-called Berlin Patient, received a bone marrow transplant to treat leukemia; his marrow donor had a mutation that provided resistance to the strain of HIV that Brown had. After a second transplant in 2008, his leukemia was gone. So was his HIV infection. He reportedly remains HIV-free.
In March 2013, doctors reported that a 2-year-old girl in Mississippi had been “functionally cured” of HIV after receiving unusually aggressive antiretroviral treatment shortly after her birth. The girl’s treatments were interrupted when her mother began missing medical appointments — but even after a five-month lapse in treatment, doctors couldn’t detect HIV in her blood.
The two patients in Boston, both men, had been HIV-positive for many years before developing lymphoma, a blood cancer that can be treated, and sometimes even cured, through bone marrow transplants — which essentially give patients new, healthier immune systems.
Like Brown, the men had bone marrow transplants, but of a different sort. The chemotherapy they received before their operations was gentler than that Brown had, leaving more of their original blood cells intact and allowing them to continue their antiretroviral drugs. The transplants they received were of normal cells that did not have the mutation that protects against HIV.
One of the men received his transplant about 4.5 years ago; the other, 2.8 years ago. (A third patient also received a transplant, but died of lymphoma.) At last year’s International AIDS Conference in Washington, Henrich and Kuritzkes reported that after the procedures, neither surviving man had HIV in his blood — but both had continued taking antiretroviral drugs to make sure the virus stayed at bay.
This year, both men dropped the drug regimen, with one patient stopping his medication 15 weeks ago and the other seven weeks ago. When the scientists screened the men’s blood again, collecting billions of cells, they found that the virus was still undetectable — they had achieved at least a 1,000- to 10,000-fold reduction in the virus in the blood.
The team also tested rectal tissue (a major reservoir for the HIV virus) from one of the patients. There, too, the virus was undetectable.
Henrich, who noted that the virus could still be lurking in the patients’ bodies — in brain tissue, for instance — said he was “of the camp where I don’t know if I will ever be able to say patients are cured,” but that if the men remained HIV-free for a year or two, “the chances of the virus coming back will be very small.”
That said, he added, it doesn't make sense to perform bone marrow transplants to treat HIV-positive people who don’t have cancer. There are many risks associated with the expensive procedure, with 15% to 20% of patients dying from complications from the treatment itself rather than their cancer, Henrich said.
“Unfortunately, it’s not going to be a practical strategy,” he said.
But he also said the data the team had gathered would help guide new strategies for eradicating the virus.
“It will help us figure out what’s going on in terms of viral persistence,” Henrich said. “How low do we need to get the viral counts? How can we use the immune system to fight it?”