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Aug 13
Shun trans fats to lower death risk
Trans fats, and not saturated fats found in animal products, are associated with greater risk of death, coronary heart disease and stroke or Type 2 diabetes, researchers from McMaster University have found.

"For years, everyone has been advised to cut out fats. Trans fats have no health benefits and pose a significant risk for heart disease, but the case for saturated fat is less clear," said lead author and assistant professor Russell de Souza.

Saturated fats come mainly from animal products, such as butter, cows' milk, meat, salmon and egg yolks, and some plant products such as chocolate and palm oils.

Trans fats are mainly produced industrially from plant oils (a process known as hydrogenation) for use in margarine, snack foods and packaged baked goods.

Current US guidelines recommend that saturated fats are limited to less than 10 percent and trans fats to less than one per cent of energy a day to reduce risk of heart disease and stroke.

The team analysed the results of 50 observational studies assessing the association between saturated and/or trans fats and health outcomes in adults.

The team found no clear association between higher intake of saturated fats and death for any reason, coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic stroke or Type 2 diabetes.

If we tell people to eat less saturated or trans fats, we need to offer a better choice.

"Replace foods high in these fats, such as high-fat or processed meats and donuts, with vegetable oils, nuts, and whole grains," the authors suggested in a paper published in British Medical Journal (BMJ).

Aug 12
Weekly workout can lower risk of death for over 60s
It's time to start working out as a new study claims that even a little weekly physical activity curbs the risk of death among those above 60 years of age.

In the study, the researchers searched databases for studies which assessed risk of death according to weekly physical activity for those aged 60 and above. Physical activity was measured in Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) minutes, which express the amount of energy (calories) expended per minute of physical activity.

The study involved a total of 1,22, 417 participants, who were monitored for an average of around 10 years.

Pooled analysis of the data showed that clocking up less than 500 weekly MET minutes of physical activity was still associated with a 22 percent lowered risk of death compared with those who were inactive.

The more physical activity an individual engaged in, the greater the health benefit, reaching a 28 percent lower risk of death for those fulfilling the recommended weekly tally of MET minutes, while more than 1000 MET minutes was associated with a 35 percent lower risk.

The greatest benefit seemed to be among those who went from doing nothing or only a minimal amount of physical activity to doing more.

The data showed that a weekly tally of 250 MET minutes, which corresponds to 75 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity-or 15 minutes a day-was associated with health benefits, added to which the first 15 minutes of physical activity seemed to have the greatest impact.

The researchers suggested that this could be a reasonable target dose.

The researchers concluded that the target for physical activity in the current recommendations might be too high for older adults and may discourage some of them. The fact that any effort will be worthwhile may help convince those 60 percent of participants over 60 years of age, who do not practice any regular physical activity, to become active.

The study is published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

Aug 11
Possible 'obesity gene' discovered
Scientists have discovered a gene that plays an important role in causing obesity.

The gene encodes a protein responsible for production and growth of fat cells, showed the findings that point the way to a possible drug therapy for obesity.

"People gain fat in two ways - through the multiplication of their fat cells, and through the expansion of individual fat cells," explained one of the researchers Gareth Lim from University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada.

"This protein affects both the number of cells and how big they are, by playing a role in the growth cycle of these cells," Lim noted.

The gene, which encodes the protein 14-3-3zeta, is found in every cell of the body.

But when scientists silenced the gene in mice, it resulted in a 50 percent reduction in the amount of a specific kind of unhealthy "white fat" - the kind associated with obesity, heart disease and diabetes.



"Until now, we did not know how this gene affected obesity," James Johnson, professor of cellular and physiological sciences at University of British Columbia.

The fat reduction occurred despite the mice consuming the same amount of food.

Mice that were bred to have higher levels of the 14-3-3zeta protein were noticeably bigger and rounder, having an average of 22 percent more white fat when fed a high calorie diet.

Scientists believe that by suppressing the gene or blocking the protein, they could prevent fat accumulation in people who are overweight, or are on their way to becoming so.

Obesity is linked to increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, and some forms of cancer.

The findings appeared in the journal Nature Communications.

Aug 10
'Oily fish' consumption may lower nasal allergy risks in kids
A new study has claimed that eating oily fish may help keeping nasal allergies at bay for kids.

Diana Di Fabio of the Cleveland Clinic Children said that it is possible that fish consumption might help prevent the development of rhinitis. A healthy diet complete with a variety of items from all food groups may have a similar effect in promoting general wellbeing.

Fabio said that fish consumption at the age of eight may simply serve as an indicator of high dietary quality, the Fox News reported.

She added that children, who were likelier to consume those foods, also had a more adventurous palate and were likelier to consume a balanced diet.

In the study, parents and kids completed questionnaires detailing how often the children consumed 98 foods and beverages common in Sweden and for fish; they were asked specifically about oily varieties such as herring, mackerel and salmon, as well as less oily alternatives like codfish, Pollock, pike, tuna and fish fingers.

Nineteen percent of the children did have symptoms of rhinitis, such as sneezing or runny nose or eye symptoms in contact with furry pets or pollens after age four.

Twenty-one percent of them developed allergic rhinitis and 15 percent developed non-allergic rhinitis by age 16, among the 1,590 children who didn't have rhinitis symptoms at age eight.

The study revealed that eating oily fish was linked to a drop in risk of allergic rhinitis by roughly half.

Aug 08
Scientists find bacteria that prevents type 1 diabetes
Scientists have found that a set of bacteria in our body, known as microbiota, can also protect us against the development of type 1 diabetes.

A research team comprising of Inserm, Paris Descartes University and the CNRS through collaboration with teams from China and Sweden, and coordinated by Julien Diana is focusing on a category of antimicrobial peptides, i.e. cathelicidins.

Apart from their protective function, these peptides have also exhibited immunoregulatory abilities against several autoimmune diseases. As such, scientists hypothesise that cathelicidins may be involved in the control of type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease where certain cells in the immune system attack beta cells in the pancreas which secrete insulin.

To combat pathogens, the immune system has developed various mechanisms to detect, defend against and even destroy micro-organisms that are harmful to the body. This includes antimicrobial peptides and natural proteins that destroy pathogenic bacteria by disrupting their cellular membrane. Not only are they produced by immune cells, they are also produced by cells whose functions are not immune-related. Injecting cathelicidins inhibit the development of pancreatic inflammation and, as such, suppressed the development of autoimmune disease in mice, states Julien Diana.

Since the production of cathelicidins is controlled by short-chain fatty acids produced by gut bacteria, scientists are studying the possibility that this may be the cause of the cathelicidin deficiency associated with diabetes.

By transferring part of the gut bacteria from healthy mice to diabetic mice, they are re-establishing a normal level of cathelicidin. Meanwhile, the transfer of micro-organisms reduces the occurrence of diabetes.

The research is published in the Immunity journal.

Aug 07
Asian pears could ward off hangovers
Heading out for a booze-fuelled night out? Drink pear juice to avoid a hangover!

Drinking Asian pear juice before consuming alcohol can prevent hangover symptoms, scientists have found.

Researchers at Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) led by Professor Manny Noakes found that drinking the juice of Asian pear, also known as Korean pear, can prevent hangovers as well as lower blood alcohol levels.

Researchers measured hangover severity in study subjects using a 14-item hangover symptom scale.

They found that those given 220 ml of Asian pear juice reported reduced overall hangover symptoms compared to those in the placebo group, with the most pronounced improvement reported in the area of "trouble concentrating."

The hangover was only avoided if the pear juice was consumed before the alcohol, 'Gizmag' reported.

While the study involved pear juice, the researchers believe consuming whole pears would produce similar effects.

Further research is needed to determine whether the hangover-preventing capabilities extend to other pear varieties as the studies have so far only involved the Asian pear, which is known to have a number of compositional differences to Western pear varieties.

While the mechanism responsible for Asian pear's protective effects against a hangover is not completely understood, the researchers said that factors in Asian pears have an effect on key enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which accelerate the metabolism of alcohol and inhibit its absorption in the body.

Specifically, blood acetaldehyde levels, which is the toxic metabolic thought to be responsible for hangover symptoms, were reduced after consuming pear juice.

Noakes noted that the research was only a preliminary scoping study but the team plans to deliver a comprehensive review of the scientific literature regarding pears, pear components and relevant health measures in the future.

Aug 04
Scientists successfully breed symbiotic bacteria in mosquitoes to control dengue fever
In a breakthrough, Chinese scientists have successfully bred a symbiotic bacteria in mosquitoes to inhibit the spread of dengue fever in south China's Guangdong Province.

The scientists from Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou City inject Wolbachia into Aedes albopictus, a kind of mosquito originating in South Asia and often spread dengue viruses.

Wolbachia is a genus of bacteria that only live inside insect cells and can inhibit dengue viruses in mosquitoes.

"Dengue viruses normally need to replicate in mosquitoes. But the symbiotic bacteria can prevent the replication of the viruses. So the viruses are controlled in the mosquitoes," said Xi Zhiyong, medical professor at Sun Yat-sen University.

Earlier this year in March, the research team has launched a pilot program in the city and released mosquitoes carrying with Wolbachia into nature.

The scientists have planned to release a large number of male mosquitoes carrying Wolbachia into nature and reduce mosquito population in order to control the spread of dengue viruses.

"All mosquito eggs cannot hatch due to our control in some areas. In other areas, at least half of the eggs cannot hatch," said Xi.

According to Xi, mosquitoes with Wolbachia will not harm people because the bacteria cannot survive in human bodies.

Dengue is a viral disease of the tropics, transmitted by mosquitoes, and causing sudden fever and acute pains in the joints. Since dengue fever is caused by a virus, there is no specific medicine or antibiotic to treat it.

Aug 03
Spinach can curb food craving in men
A compound found in spinach can slow down fat digestion, leading to reduced hunger and food craving especially in men, a study says.

A concentrated extract of thylakoids encourage the release of satiety hormones, which is very beneficial in controlling hunger.

"The reduction in hunger and the desire for salty food that we saw might make thylakoids particularly useful for people with high blood pressure and associated weight problems," said study co-author Frank. L. Greenway from the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Louisiana.

The researchers examined the effect of consuming a single dose of concentrated extract of thylakoids from spinach on satiety, food intake, lipids, and glucose compared to a placebo.

Sixty people (30 men and 30 women) classified as overweight or obese consumed either the spinach extract or a placebo in random order at least a week apart.

The results showed that the spinach extract containing thylakoids increased satiety over a two-hour period compared to a placebo.

There were no differences in plasma lipids and energy intake at dinner but men showed a trend toward decreased energy intake.

"Thylakoid consumption may influence gender-specific food craving," the authors said.

A previous study had found that in women, a reduced urge for sweets was significant after a single dose of the spinach extract and the reduced urge for sweets was sustained throughout the study.

The article was published in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

Aug 01
Exercise and diet control can prevent gestational diabetes
A combination of physical activity and diet control can help prevent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women who are at high risk of developing the disorder, says a new study.

Gestational diabetes and maternal obesity may increase the offsprings' predisposition to obesity and impaired glucose regulation.

"A simple and individualised lifestyle intervention reduced the incidence of gestational diabetes by 39 percent in high-risk pregnant women," said one of the researchers Saila Koivusalo from Helsinki University Hospital in Finland.

In the study, a total of 293 women with a history of GDM or a pre-pregnancy body mass index of less tha 30 kg/m2 were enrolled at less than 20 weeks of gestation.

They were randomly allocated to an intervention group or a control group.

The participants in the intervention group received individualised counselling on diet, physical activity and weight control from trained nurses and a dietician.

The control group received standard ante-natal care.

Intervention reduced the incidence of gestational diabetes by 39 percent in high-risk pregnant women, the findings showed.

Gestational weight gain was lower in the intervention group, and women in the intervention group also increased their leisure time physical activity more and improved their dietary quality compared with the women in the control group.

The findings appeared in the journal Diabetes Care.

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