Mamma...mia.!!!! Since Times Immemorial Breasts Have Always Held The Fascination Of Mankind Irrespective Of The Age. And The Fact Is Just As True Today As It Was Many Years Ago. But The Only Thing That Has Changed Is The Fact That Women Themselves Also Are Starting To Take Notice Of Them. So Let Us Examine And Learn A Few Things About Breast Augmentation Or As It Is Fondly Called " A Boob Job!" Who Undergoes A Breast Augmentation….?. Is It The Celebrities Or Routine People?? What Drives Them To Get The Operation? Do They Understand The Risks Involved And About The Procedure??? For The First Question The Answer Is No! It Is Not Only The Celebrities, But Routine People, The Housewife, The Teacher, The Software Engineer, The Doctor… People From All Walks Of Life Who Undergo The Procedure. What Drives Them To Get The Procedure Done?? Well A Few Have Pathological Problems In The Chest Area And Hence Have To Go In For An Augmentation. But, Majority Of The Women Undergo The Procedure Because Either The Volume Was Less To Start Off With Or Decreased With Age And Multiple Pregnancies Or Sudden Weight Loss. What Drives Them Is The Fact That Breasts Are A Sign Of Femininity And These Women Feel That The Decreased Volume Of The Breasts Affects The Way They See Themselves. First Of All Let Us Understand Some Facts Regarding Breasts : 1. Breast Size Is Variable In People And There Is No Fixed Size Which Is The Norm. Several Deciding Factors Like The Amount Of Breast Tissue, Heredity, How Fat The Person Is And The Fact That Whether The Person Has Been Pregnant Before All Contribute To Breast Size. And Of Course Age Is A Contributing Factor As Always 2.there Is Nothing Like A Perfect Breasts.usually Perky Breasts Without A Sag And Nipples Pointing Forwards And A Little Laterally Are Acceptable As The Norm But They Vary With The Size. Small Perky Breasts Look Good If The Person Is Thin But Not On A Well Built Female. So Its All About Proportion. 3. 99.9% Women Have Asymmetrical Breasts The Left Usually Being Larger Than The Right. The Nipples May Be Erect, Flat, Inverted, The Areola May Be Large Or Small, With Or Without Few Hairs Growing Long, Or The Areola May Be Bumpy All Of Which Are Normal. Regarding Understanding The Procedure And The Risks Involved, I’m Sad To Say That Though Most Of The Patients Are Educated Women, Hardly 10% Of Them Really Know About The Procedure And The Risks Involved. Broadly There Are Two Categories Of Women Undergoing The Procedure. The First Category Or Age Group Is The Young Women Who Are In Their 20's Who Want To Increase Their Bust Size Because They Have Underdeveloped Breasts. The Second Category Or Age Group Of Patients Are Those In Their 30's Who Are Usually Mother's Who Have Finished With Their Families And Now Have Their Children Off To School And Have Done With Their Responsibilities And Want To Get Back Into Shape And Feel They Way They Used To Maybe 10 Years And Two Children Back. This Section Of Patients Has Seen A Steady Increase And I'm Sure We Are Going To See More Of Them. But In This Group Many A Times They Might Require Certain Ancillary Procedure Along With A Breast Augmentation Which Is Usually A Breast Lift Or A Areola Reduction Or The Such. Breast Augmentation Surgery Was First Performed In 1962 By A Texas Plastic Surgeon Who Used Silicone Breast Implants To Enhance The Size Of A Woman’s Breasts. 1997 Hbo Film "breastmen" Starring David Schwimmer And Chris Cooper Shows A Cinematic Representation Of The Introduction Of The Concept Of The Breast Implant To Increase Breast Sizes And The Early Days Of Breast Augmentation Surgery And Its Pitfalls. Breast Augmentation Surgery Has Come A Long Way Since Then With Lots Of Advancements In The Type Of Implants And Techniques, Though The Basic Methods Remain The Same. A Common Fear Amongst Women Is The Fear Of Cancer With Implants. This Is Totally Unfounded As Per Research Done By Various Medical Fraternities. Recently Even In The Us, The Fda Has Cleared The Use Of Silicone Gel Implants. Otherwise, Silicone Gel Implants Are Used Widely All Over Europe, South America, And Asia, Though Saline Implants Are Also Equally In Vogue Though More In North America.. Implants Are Commonly Filled With Saline Or Silicone Gel. Both Implant Types Have Advantages And Disadvantages. The Saline Implants Are Silicon Bags Into Which Saline Is Injected To Fill It Up. The Advantage Of This Is That Smaller Incisions To Place The Implant Can Be Used And The Sizes Can Be Increased Or Decreased In Case Of Volumetric Discrepancies Between The Right And The Left Breasts. But The Disadvantage Is That Some Of The Saline May Leak Over A Period Of Many Years And The Implant May Have To Be Replaced. The Silicone Gel Implants Are Permanent As They Do No Deflate. But They Require A Larger Incision Size. They Have A Natural Feel And The New Highly Cohesive Gel Implants Do Not Leak Even If They Are Punctured Or Cut. The Choice Of The Implant Is Usually Left To The Patient. The Implant Can Be Inserted In Three Ways Either Through The Armpit Or Through A Cut Below The Breast Or Through A Cut Around The Nipple/areola. The Approach Is Determined By The Size Of The Implant And The Individual Patient. Recently The So Called “scar Less Breast Augmentation” Has Been In Demand Also Known As The “tuba” Here A Saline Filled Implant Is Inserted Through The Belly Button And Hence The Scar Is Hidden Giving It The Name Scar Less. The Implant Can Either Be Placed In Front Of The Muscle Of The Chest Wall, “sub Glandular” Or Behind The Muscle, “sub Muscular”. Placement Of The Breast Implant Under (behind) The Pectoralis Muscle Is Preferred In Women With Anatomically Less Breast Tissue Since The Results Are More Aesthetic. Placement Behind The Muscle Does Not Stop You From Using Those Muscles, Though Body Builders And Weight Lifters Tend To Prefer Placement Over The Muscle. Placement Under The Muscle Allows For A More Natural Look And Feel Than Placement Over The Muscle. Also, The Incidence Of Capsular Contracture Is Decreased With This Placement. Placement Behind The Muscle Allows Easier Breast Self-examination And Improved Images With Mammography When Compared To Placement In Front Of The Muscle, All This Because It Is Far Away From The Normal Breast Tissue. The Common Problems After A Breast Augmentation Surgery Are Mild Pain And Discomfort After The Procedure. This Is A Little More In The Sub Muscular Placement Of The Implant. Scar Maybe A Problem If You Have An Incision Below The Breast Which Will Be Seen In The Initially But Fades Over A Period Of Time. You Might Be Required To Do Some Regular Massages For The Next 6 Months Which Your Surgeon Will Explain After The Surgery. The Most Common Cause Of Dissatisfaction Amongst Women Undergoing The Procedure Worldwide Has Been The Size Of The Implant With Most Women Feeling That They Should Have Gone In For A Bigger Implant. The Cause For This Is That Initially Because Of The Swelling The Size Looks More And As The Swelling Settles Down The Size Feels A Little Smaller . But The Size Has To Be Determined By The Amount Of Tissue She Has, The Incision , The Type Of Implant. In The End One Has To Realize That The Final Decisions Are Taken After A Proper Consultation And Examination. Also The Fact That, All Surgeries Have Their Associated Risks And Complications, Which Every Surgeon Operating On You Will Surely Address. This Article Was Aimed At Educating Women About The Procedure Of Breast Augmentation, Allay Few Fears And Misconceptions And To Help Them Make Educated Decisions Regarding The Same. Dr.surindher Www.cosmesisindia.com #note: This Article Is The Sole Property Of Cosmesisindia.com And Dr.surindher. No Part May Be Reproduced In Complete Or In Part Without Permission From Dr.surindher.

Color Blindness Is An Inherited Defect Of Vision, Resulting In A Person's Inability To Distinguish Between Specific Colors.partial Color Blindness Is More Common Than Total Color Blindness, In Which A Person Sees Everything As Shades Of Gray(grey). The Most Common Form Of Partialcolor Blindness Leads To Inability Todistinguish Between Red And Green And Rarely Between Blue And Yellow.color Blindness Is A Fairly Common Conditionwhich Occurs More In Men Than Women, But It Is Rarely A Serious Disadvantage To Those Affected.approximately One In 20 Men And One In 200 Women Are Affected .some Studies Suggest That About Eight Percent Of The World's Male Population And Less Than One Percent Of Female Population Are Affected .many People Are Unaware They Are Color Blind Until Their Eyes Have Been Tested .the Retina Compromises Two Types Of Photoreceptors , Rods And Cones. Although The Rods Are More Numerous, Some 120 Million, And Are More Sensitive Than The Cones, They Are Not How-ever, Sensitive To Color. Rods Are Responsible For Vision At Low Light Levels(scotopic Vision) And They Do Not Meditate Color Vision And Have A Low Spatial Acuity The Six Or Seven Million Cones That Provide The Eye's Color Sensitivity Are Much More Concentrated In The Central Yellow Spot Known As The Macula.being Active At Higher Light Levels (photopic Vision) Cones Are Capable Of Color Vision And Are Responsible For High Spatial Acuity. In Simple Terms It May Be Said That Cones Require Brighter Light To Function Than Rods.red ,green And Have Their Corresponding Wavelengths . Red Wavelengths Are Longest, Followed By Green Wavelengths (medium) And Blue Color Is Made Up Of Shorter Wavelengths .they Are Red , Blue And Green Cones Which Are Sensitive To Those Colors And Combinations Of Them. If The Cones Do Not Work Properly Or If There Is No Right Combination, The Brain Does Not Get The Right Message About The Colors You Are Seeing.the Visible Colors From Shortest To Longest Wavelength Are Violet, Blue , Green , Yellow , Orange And Red.the Visible Red Light Having A Wavelength Of About 650 Nanometers Is Responsible For The Presence Of Red Or Orange Color At Sunrise And Sunset, Because The Wavelengths Associated With These Colors Are Less Efficiently Scattered By The Atmosphere Than The Shorter Wavelength Colors Such As Blue Or Purple.the Visible Green Light Having A Wavelength Of About 510 Nm Makes The Grass Appear Green Because All The Colors In The Visible Part Of Spectrum Are Absorbed Into The Leaves Of The Grass Appears Greenthe Visible Blue Light Having A Wavelength Of About 475 Nm Are Scattered More Efficiently By The Molecules In The Atmosphere Which Cause The Sky To Appear Blue.people Who Are Born Blind Do Not See Images In Dreams, But Have Dreams Vivid Involving Their Other Senses Of Sound, Smell, Touch And Emotion.color Blindness Caused By A Disease Of The Retina Or Optic Nerve Is Progressive And Associated With A General Deterioration Of Vision, Unlike Inherited Variety Where The Ability To See Detail Is Unaffected And The Condition Never Worsen.it Is Tested With Ishihara Chart Normally Their Are Means Of Testing Colour Blindness. Please Share============== S.s.venkateshwar, Andaman And Nicobar Islands

Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital International Honours For Dr. Mahesh Desai Of Mpuh Nadiad It Is A Matter Of Great Pride Not Just For The Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital (mpuh), Nadiad, But The Country As A Whole, And The Indian Urology In Particular, That Dr. Mahesh Desai, Ms, Frcs (london), Frcs (edinburgh), Medical Director And Managing Trustee Of Mpuh, Has Been Elected As The ‘president-elect’ Of The Endourological Society Inc. At The World Congress Of Endourology (wce) Held At Kyoto, Japan During November 30 To December 3, 2011. During The Wce2011 At Kyoto, An Mpuh Doctor Won Two Prizes – 1st Prize For The Best Video “micro Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: The Initial Feasibility Study”, And The 2nd Prize For The Best Essay “staghorn Morphometry: A New Tool For Clinical Classification And Prediction Model For Pcnl Monotherapy.” At The Initiative And Direction Of Dr. Mahesh Desai, Mpuh Had Successfully Organized The 12th World Video Urology Congress 2000 At Goa, And The 22nd World Congress On Endourology 2004 At Mumbai. It May Be Recalled, In October This Year, Dr. Mahesh Desai Had Become The First Indian To Assume The Office Of The President Of The Société Internationale D'urologie (siu) At The Siu World Congress Held At Berlin, Germany. It Is Unprecedented That Dr. Desai Is Perhaps The Only Person To Hold Both These Prestigious Positions Simultaneously Or Separately. The Other Positions That Dr Desai Has Held Include President, Urological Society Of India (2006-2007); Chairman, Sub-specialties, Society International D’urologie (siu) ( 2004-2009); Chairman, Scientific Committee, Endourology Society Inc. (2007 - Present); President, Asian Society Of Endourology (2008 - Present); Chairman, Endourology Education Training Site Committee Of Endourology Society Inc. (2008 - 2011); Member, International Committee Of American Urological Association (2008 - 2011). News Has Also Just Come In That Dr. Mahesh Desai Has Been Selected For The Prestigious ‘st. Paul’s Medal 2012’ By The British Association Of Urological Surgeons (baus). It Is Awarded To “distinguished Colleagues From Overseas Whose Contributions To The Association In Particular, Or To Urology In General, Baus Council Particularly Wishes To Appreciate And Honour.” Since The Inception Of This Medal In 1989, Dr. Mahesh Desai Is Only The Second Indian After Dr. Dara K Karanjavala (1993), To Be Honoured With This International Recognition. Www.mpuh.org