Woman Sexual & Physical Violence Commonly Seen-world Health Organisationthe World Health Organization Has Found That Physical Or Sexual Violence Affect More Than One Third Of All Women Globally! The Report, Global And Regional Estimates Of Violence Against Women: Prevalence And Health Effects Of Intimate Partner Violence And Non-partner Sexual Violence, Represents The First Systematic Study Of Global Data On The Prevalence Of Violence Against Women – Both By Partners And Non-partners. The Study Found:35% Women Experience Violence Of Some Sort30% Women Face Violence From Their Partners38% Women Who Were Murdered, Were Murdered By Their Partnersabused Women Likelier To Face Substance Abuse Problemsthey’re Likelier To Get Stisthe Study Found That They Are Also Likelier To Give Birth To Low-birth Weight Childrenthe Study Highlights The Need For All Sectors To Engage In Eliminating Tolerance For Violence Against Women And Better Support For Women Who Experience It. New Who Guidelines, Launched With The Report, Aim To Help Countries Improve Their Health Sector’s Capacity To Respond To Violence Against Women.impact On Physical And Mental Healththe Report Details The Impact Of Violence On The Physical And Mental Health Of Women And Girls. This Can Range From Broken Bones To Pregnancy-related Complications, Mental Problems And Impaired Social Functioning.‘these Findings Send A Powerful Message That Violence Against Women Is A Global Health Problem Of Epidemic Proportions,’ Said Dr Margaret Chan, Director-general, Who. ‘we Also See That The World’s Health Systems Can And Must Do More For Women Who Experience Violence.’the Report’s Key Findings On The Health Impacts Of Violence By An Intimate Partner Were:death And Injury – The Study Found That Globally, 38% Of All Women Who Were Murdered Were Murdered By Their Intimate Partners, And 42% Of Women Who Have Experienced Physical Or Sexual Violence At The Hands Of A Partner Had Experienced Injuries As A Result.depression – Partner Violence Is A Major Contributor To Women’s Mental Health Problems, With Women Who Have Experienced Partner Violence Being Almost Twice As Likely To Experience Depression Compared To Women Who Have Not Experienced Any Violence.alcohol Use Problems – Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence Are Almost Twice As Likely As Other Women To Have Alcohol-use Problems.sexually Transmitted Infections – Women Who Experience Physical And/or Sexual Partner Violence Are 1.5 Times More Likely To Acquire Syphilis Infection, Chlamydia, Or Gonorrhoea. In Some Regions (including Sub-saharan Africa), They Are 1.5 Times More Likely To Acquire Hiv.unwanted Pregnancy And Abortion – Both Partner Violence And Non-partner Sexual Violence Are Associated With Unwanted Pregnancy; The Report Found That Women Experiencing Physical And/or Sexual Partner Violence Are Twice As Likely To Have An Abortion Than Women Who Do Not Experience This Violence.low Birth-weight Babies – Women Who Experience Partner Violence Have A 16% Greater Chance Of Having A Low Birth-weight Baby.‘this New Data Shows That Violence Against Women Is Extremely Common. We Urgently Need To Invest In Prevention To Address The Underlying Causes Of This Global Women’s Health Problem.’ Said Professor Charlotte Watts, From The London School Of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.need For Better Reporting And More Attention To Preventionfear Of Stigma Prevents Many Women From Reporting Non-partner Sexual Violence. Other Barriers To Data Collection Include The Fact That Fewer Countries Collect This Data Than Information About Intimate Partner Violence, And That Many Surveys Of This Type Of Violence Employ Less Sophisticated Measurement Approaches Than Those Used In Monitoring Intimate Partner Violence.‘the Review Brings To Light The Lack Of Data On Sexual Violence By Perpetrators Other Than Partners, Including In Conflict-affected Settings,’ Said Dr Naeemah Abrahams From The Samrc. ‘we Need More Countries To Measure Sexual Violence And To Use The Best Survey Instruments Available.’in Spite Of These Obstacles, The Review Found That 7.2% Of Women Globally Had Reported Non-partner Sexual Violence. As A Result Of This Violence, They Were 2.3 Times More Likely To Have Alcohol Disorders And 2.6 Times More Likely To Suffer Depression Or Anxiety – Slightly More Than Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence.the Report Calls For A Major Scaling Up Of Global Efforts To Prevent All Kinds Of Violence Against Women By Addressing The Social And Cultural Factors Behind It.recommendations To The Health Sectorthe Report Also Emphasizes The Urgent Need For Better Care For Women Who Have Experienced Violence. These Women Often Seek Health-care, Without Necessarily Disclosing The Cause Of Their Injuries Or Ill-health.‘the Report Findings Show That Violence Greatly Increases Women’s Vulnerability To A Range Of Short- And Long-term Health Problems; It Highlights The Need For The Health Sector To Take Violence Against Women More Seriously,’ Said Dr Claudia Garcia-moreno Of Who. ‘in Many Cases This Is Because Health Workers Simply Do Not Know How To Respond.’new Who Clinical And Policy Guidelines Released Today Aim To Address This Lack Of Knowledge. They Stress The Importance Of Training All Levels Of Health Workers To Recognize When Women May Be At Risk Of Partner Violence And To Know How To Provide An Appropriate Response.they Also Point Out That Some Health-care Settings, Such As Antenatal Services And Hiv Testing, May Provide Opportunities To Support Survivors Of Violence, Provided Certain Minimum Requirements Are Met.health Providers Have Been Trained How To Ask About Violence.standard Operating Procedures Are In Place.consultation Takes Place In A Private Setting.confidentiality Is Guaranteed.a Referral System Is In Place To Ensure That Women Can Access Related Services.in The Case Of Sexual Assault, Health Care Settings Must Be Equipped To Provide The Comprehensive Response Women Need – To Address Both Physical And Mental Health Consequences.the Report’s Authors Stress The Importance Of Using These Guidelines To Incorporate Issues Of Violence Into The Medical And Nursing Curricula As Well As During In-service Training.so Woman Violence As Now Feeled In Repeated Rape In Delhi, Rajasthan, Hariyana And West Bengal And Rest Of Our Country But It Is Seen All Ove World And Strigent Laws And Booking And Punishing Culprits In Time Bound Period And Social Education Will Only Bring Change Otherwise A Woman Who Is In One Form Our Mother Or Daughter Will Remain Harassed.

The Aging Knee: Pathogenesis And Medical Management [paperback] Editorial Reviews As The Population Ages There Is An Increasing Concern Amongst The Population About The Aging Knee. Osteoarthritis As It Iscalled Affects Population Without Distinction Of Caste,creed,nationality And Gender. Understanding The Pathogenesis Of This Debilitating Disease Would Certainly Help In The Proper Management. Diagnosis Is Usually Never An Issue As It Can Be Diagnosed By The Cardinal Signs Of Chronic Pain, Stiffness, Crepitations And Varus Deformities. Radiologically One Finds Decrease In Joint Space, Osteophytes, Subchondral Sclerosis, Subchondral Cysts, Loose Bodies Amongst Others. Comprehensive Medical Research Globally Points Out To Various Newer Mechanisms In The Synthesis Of Pain In Oa Knee. The Treatment Options Are Very Many Ranging From Reassuance Till Complex Replacement Surgeries Which Are So Common These Days. A Comprehensive Discussion Of Various Pathogenesis Theories Are Discussed And Newer Concepts Of Medical Management Are Suggested Keeping The Patients Compliance As One Of The Important Parameters. These Deliberations Should Lead To Further Research In Various Conservative Management Options For This Debilitating Condition. About The Author Prof Gourishankar Patnaik Is A Trained Orthopedic And Spinal Surgeon From India. A Gold Medallist, He Was Untill Recently Professor And Hod Orthopedics At The Melaka Manipal Medical College, Malaysia. Philosophy, Religion And Languages Are His Other Interest. A Gifted Surgeon, His Research Interests Include Osteoarthritis And Spinal Cord Regeneration. Product Details Paperback: 72 Pagespublisher: Vdm Verlag Dr. Müller (june 17, 2010)language: Englishisbn-10: 3639268695isbn-13: 978-3639268690 Product Dimensions: 8.7 X 5.9 X 0.2 Inches Shipping Weight: 5.4 Ounces

Mamma...mia.!!!! Since Times Immemorial Breasts Have Always Held The Fascination Of Mankind Irrespective Of The Age. And The Fact Is Just As True Today As It Was Many Years Ago. But The Only Thing That Has Changed Is The Fact That Women Themselves Also Are Starting To Take Notice Of Them. So Let Us Examine And Learn A Few Things About Breast Augmentation Or As It Is Fondly Called " A Boob Job!" Who Undergoes A Breast Augmentation….?. Is It The Celebrities Or Routine People?? What Drives Them To Get The Operation? Do They Understand The Risks Involved And About The Procedure??? For The First Question The Answer Is No! It Is Not Only The Celebrities, But Routine People, The Housewife, The Teacher, The Software Engineer, The Doctor… People From All Walks Of Life Who Undergo The Procedure. What Drives Them To Get The Procedure Done?? Well A Few Have Pathological Problems In The Chest Area And Hence Have To Go In For An Augmentation. But, Majority Of The Women Undergo The Procedure Because Either The Volume Was Less To Start Off With Or Decreased With Age And Multiple Pregnancies Or Sudden Weight Loss. What Drives Them Is The Fact That Breasts Are A Sign Of Femininity And These Women Feel That The Decreased Volume Of The Breasts Affects The Way They See Themselves. First Of All Let Us Understand Some Facts Regarding Breasts : 1. Breast Size Is Variable In People And There Is No Fixed Size Which Is The Norm. Several Deciding Factors Like The Amount Of Breast Tissue, Heredity, How Fat The Person Is And The Fact That Whether The Person Has Been Pregnant Before All Contribute To Breast Size. And Of Course Age Is A Contributing Factor As Always 2.there Is Nothing Like A Perfect Breasts.usually Perky Breasts Without A Sag And Nipples Pointing Forwards And A Little Laterally Are Acceptable As The Norm But They Vary With The Size. Small Perky Breasts Look Good If The Person Is Thin But Not On A Well Built Female. So Its All About Proportion. 3. 99.9% Women Have Asymmetrical Breasts The Left Usually Being Larger Than The Right. The Nipples May Be Erect, Flat, Inverted, The Areola May Be Large Or Small, With Or Without Few Hairs Growing Long, Or The Areola May Be Bumpy All Of Which Are Normal. Regarding Understanding The Procedure And The Risks Involved, I’m Sad To Say That Though Most Of The Patients Are Educated Women, Hardly 10% Of Them Really Know About The Procedure And The Risks Involved. Broadly There Are Two Categories Of Women Undergoing The Procedure. The First Category Or Age Group Is The Young Women Who Are In Their 20's Who Want To Increase Their Bust Size Because They Have Underdeveloped Breasts. The Second Category Or Age Group Of Patients Are Those In Their 30's Who Are Usually Mother's Who Have Finished With Their Families And Now Have Their Children Off To School And Have Done With Their Responsibilities And Want To Get Back Into Shape And Feel They Way They Used To Maybe 10 Years And Two Children Back. This Section Of Patients Has Seen A Steady Increase And I'm Sure We Are Going To See More Of Them. But In This Group Many A Times They Might Require Certain Ancillary Procedure Along With A Breast Augmentation Which Is Usually A Breast Lift Or A Areola Reduction Or The Such. Breast Augmentation Surgery Was First Performed In 1962 By A Texas Plastic Surgeon Who Used Silicone Breast Implants To Enhance The Size Of A Woman’s Breasts. 1997 Hbo Film "breastmen" Starring David Schwimmer And Chris Cooper Shows A Cinematic Representation Of The Introduction Of The Concept Of The Breast Implant To Increase Breast Sizes And The Early Days Of Breast Augmentation Surgery And Its Pitfalls. Breast Augmentation Surgery Has Come A Long Way Since Then With Lots Of Advancements In The Type Of Implants And Techniques, Though The Basic Methods Remain The Same. A Common Fear Amongst Women Is The Fear Of Cancer With Implants. This Is Totally Unfounded As Per Research Done By Various Medical Fraternities. Recently Even In The Us, The Fda Has Cleared The Use Of Silicone Gel Implants. Otherwise, Silicone Gel Implants Are Used Widely All Over Europe, South America, And Asia, Though Saline Implants Are Also Equally In Vogue Though More In North America.. Implants Are Commonly Filled With Saline Or Silicone Gel. Both Implant Types Have Advantages And Disadvantages. The Saline Implants Are Silicon Bags Into Which Saline Is Injected To Fill It Up. The Advantage Of This Is That Smaller Incisions To Place The Implant Can Be Used And The Sizes Can Be Increased Or Decreased In Case Of Volumetric Discrepancies Between The Right And The Left Breasts. But The Disadvantage Is That Some Of The Saline May Leak Over A Period Of Many Years And The Implant May Have To Be Replaced. The Silicone Gel Implants Are Permanent As They Do No Deflate. But They Require A Larger Incision Size. They Have A Natural Feel And The New Highly Cohesive Gel Implants Do Not Leak Even If They Are Punctured Or Cut. The Choice Of The Implant Is Usually Left To The Patient. The Implant Can Be Inserted In Three Ways Either Through The Armpit Or Through A Cut Below The Breast Or Through A Cut Around The Nipple/areola. The Approach Is Determined By The Size Of The Implant And The Individual Patient. Recently The So Called “scar Less Breast Augmentation” Has Been In Demand Also Known As The “tuba” Here A Saline Filled Implant Is Inserted Through The Belly Button And Hence The Scar Is Hidden Giving It The Name Scar Less. The Implant Can Either Be Placed In Front Of The Muscle Of The Chest Wall, “sub Glandular” Or Behind The Muscle, “sub Muscular”. Placement Of The Breast Implant Under (behind) The Pectoralis Muscle Is Preferred In Women With Anatomically Less Breast Tissue Since The Results Are More Aesthetic. Placement Behind The Muscle Does Not Stop You From Using Those Muscles, Though Body Builders And Weight Lifters Tend To Prefer Placement Over The Muscle. Placement Under The Muscle Allows For A More Natural Look And Feel Than Placement Over The Muscle. Also, The Incidence Of Capsular Contracture Is Decreased With This Placement. Placement Behind The Muscle Allows Easier Breast Self-examination And Improved Images With Mammography When Compared To Placement In Front Of The Muscle, All This Because It Is Far Away From The Normal Breast Tissue. The Common Problems After A Breast Augmentation Surgery Are Mild Pain And Discomfort After The Procedure. This Is A Little More In The Sub Muscular Placement Of The Implant. Scar Maybe A Problem If You Have An Incision Below The Breast Which Will Be Seen In The Initially But Fades Over A Period Of Time. You Might Be Required To Do Some Regular Massages For The Next 6 Months Which Your Surgeon Will Explain After The Surgery. The Most Common Cause Of Dissatisfaction Amongst Women Undergoing The Procedure Worldwide Has Been The Size Of The Implant With Most Women Feeling That They Should Have Gone In For A Bigger Implant. The Cause For This Is That Initially Because Of The Swelling The Size Looks More And As The Swelling Settles Down The Size Feels A Little Smaller . But The Size Has To Be Determined By The Amount Of Tissue She Has, The Incision , The Type Of Implant. In The End One Has To Realize That The Final Decisions Are Taken After A Proper Consultation And Examination. Also The Fact That, All Surgeries Have Their Associated Risks And Complications, Which Every Surgeon Operating On You Will Surely Address. This Article Was Aimed At Educating Women About The Procedure Of Breast Augmentation, Allay Few Fears And Misconceptions And To Help Them Make Educated Decisions Regarding The Same. Dr.surindher Www.cosmesisindia.com #note: This Article Is The Sole Property Of Cosmesisindia.com And Dr.surindher. No Part May Be Reproduced In Complete Or In Part Without Permission From Dr.surindher.