Color Blindness Is An Inherited Defect Of Vision, Resulting In A Person's Inability To Distinguish Between Specific Colors.partial Color Blindness Is More Common Than Total Color Blindness, In Which A Person Sees Everything As Shades Of Gray(grey). The Most Common Form Of Partialcolor Blindness Leads To Inability Todistinguish Between Red And Green And Rarely Between Blue And Yellow.color Blindness Is A Fairly Common Conditionwhich Occurs More In Men Than Women, But It Is Rarely A Serious Disadvantage To Those Affected.approximately One In 20 Men And One In 200 Women Are Affected .some Studies Suggest That About Eight Percent Of The World's Male Population And Less Than One Percent Of Female Population Are Affected .many People Are Unaware They Are Color Blind Until Their Eyes Have Been Tested .the Retina Compromises Two Types Of Photoreceptors , Rods And Cones. Although The Rods Are More Numerous, Some 120 Million, And Are More Sensitive Than The Cones, They Are Not How-ever, Sensitive To Color. Rods Are Responsible For Vision At Low Light Levels(scotopic Vision) And They Do Not Meditate Color Vision And Have A Low Spatial Acuity The Six Or Seven Million Cones That Provide The Eye's Color Sensitivity Are Much More Concentrated In The Central Yellow Spot Known As The Macula.being Active At Higher Light Levels (photopic Vision) Cones Are Capable Of Color Vision And Are Responsible For High Spatial Acuity. In Simple Terms It May Be Said That Cones Require Brighter Light To Function Than Rods.red ,green And Have Their Corresponding Wavelengths . Red Wavelengths Are Longest, Followed By Green Wavelengths (medium) And Blue Color Is Made Up Of Shorter Wavelengths .they Are Red , Blue And Green Cones Which Are Sensitive To Those Colors And Combinations Of Them. If The Cones Do Not Work Properly Or If There Is No Right Combination, The Brain Does Not Get The Right Message About The Colors You Are Seeing.the Visible Colors From Shortest To Longest Wavelength Are Violet, Blue , Green , Yellow , Orange And Red.the Visible Red Light Having A Wavelength Of About 650 Nanometers Is Responsible For The Presence Of Red Or Orange Color At Sunrise And Sunset, Because The Wavelengths Associated With These Colors Are Less Efficiently Scattered By The Atmosphere Than The Shorter Wavelength Colors Such As Blue Or Purple.the Visible Green Light Having A Wavelength Of About 510 Nm Makes The Grass Appear Green Because All The Colors In The Visible Part Of Spectrum Are Absorbed Into The Leaves Of The Grass Appears Greenthe Visible Blue Light Having A Wavelength Of About 475 Nm Are Scattered More Efficiently By The Molecules In The Atmosphere Which Cause The Sky To Appear Blue.people Who Are Born Blind Do Not See Images In Dreams, But Have Dreams Vivid Involving Their Other Senses Of Sound, Smell, Touch And Emotion.color Blindness Caused By A Disease Of The Retina Or Optic Nerve Is Progressive And Associated With A General Deterioration Of Vision, Unlike Inherited Variety Where The Ability To See Detail Is Unaffected And The Condition Never Worsen.it Is Tested With Ishihara Chart Normally Their Are Means Of Testing Colour Blindness. Please Share============== S.s.venkateshwar, Andaman And Nicobar Islands

The Aging Knee: Pathogenesis And Medical Management [paperback] Editorial Reviews As The Population Ages There Is An Increasing Concern Amongst The Population About The Aging Knee. Osteoarthritis As It Iscalled Affects Population Without Distinction Of Caste,creed,nationality And Gender. Understanding The Pathogenesis Of This Debilitating Disease Would Certainly Help In The Proper Management. Diagnosis Is Usually Never An Issue As It Can Be Diagnosed By The Cardinal Signs Of Chronic Pain, Stiffness, Crepitations And Varus Deformities. Radiologically One Finds Decrease In Joint Space, Osteophytes, Subchondral Sclerosis, Subchondral Cysts, Loose Bodies Amongst Others. Comprehensive Medical Research Globally Points Out To Various Newer Mechanisms In The Synthesis Of Pain In Oa Knee. The Treatment Options Are Very Many Ranging From Reassuance Till Complex Replacement Surgeries Which Are So Common These Days. A Comprehensive Discussion Of Various Pathogenesis Theories Are Discussed And Newer Concepts Of Medical Management Are Suggested Keeping The Patients Compliance As One Of The Important Parameters. These Deliberations Should Lead To Further Research In Various Conservative Management Options For This Debilitating Condition. About The Author Prof Gourishankar Patnaik Is A Trained Orthopedic And Spinal Surgeon From India. A Gold Medallist, He Was Untill Recently Professor And Hod Orthopedics At The Melaka Manipal Medical College, Malaysia. Philosophy, Religion And Languages Are His Other Interest. A Gifted Surgeon, His Research Interests Include Osteoarthritis And Spinal Cord Regeneration. Product Details Paperback: 72 Pagespublisher: Vdm Verlag Dr. Müller (june 17, 2010)language: Englishisbn-10: 3639268695isbn-13: 978-3639268690 Product Dimensions: 8.7 X 5.9 X 0.2 Inches Shipping Weight: 5.4 Ounces

Our Bio-energy Is The Source Of Our Health And Vitality. In Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Is Defined As A Harmonic Flow Of ‘chi’ Or ‘qi’ Dynamically Regulating All Biological Functions. From The Chinese Perspective Not Only The Human Organism But The Whole World And The Entire Cosmos Are Interwoven With The Subtle Vibrations Of This Life Force. This Energy Flows Within, Without And Through Us Governing Our Organs And Tissues And Connecting Us With Our Environment (natural And Man-made), Mother Earth As Well As The Universe. Everything In The Universe, Organic And Inorganic, Is Composed Of This ‘chi’ Or ‘qi’. As Biological Energy It Is Driving, Nourishing And Regulating All Living Matter. Based On Their Different Origins, The Chinese Tradition Basically Knows Two Types Of Energy – Inherited And Acquired Qi. • The Inherited Qi, Also Called ‘prenatal Qi’ Or ‘original Qi’, Is Received From The Parents At Conception. It Is Stored In The Kidneys And Partly Responsible For An Individual’s Constitution. • The Acquired Qi – ‘breath Qi’ And ‘nutrition Qi’ – Is Extracted In The Lungs From The Air We Breathe And Created In Stomach And Spleen From The Food We Eat. Original Qi, Breath Qi And Nutrition Qi Together Form The True Qi – The Equivalent Of What In Modern Terms Is Called Bio-energy. In Our Organism, This ‘true Qi’ Is In Constant Motion, Ascending And Descending Throughout The Complex Network Of Meridians, Entering And Leaving Through Its Windows Or Acupuncture Points – And – As Long As All These Activities Are In Accordance With The Natural Biorhythms Within And Without, Then Our Bodies Are Flushed With Soundness And Wellness. An Abundance Of ‘true Qi’ Or Life Force Is Thus The Sine Qua Non For Good Health And Vitality. Therefore In The World’s Oldest Medical Manual, The 2.500 Years Old Yellow Emperor’s Classic Of Internal Medicine Or “huang Di Nei Jing” It Is Said: “a Person With Strong ‘qi’, Will Not Be Brought Down By Illness.” In Its Nature, ‘true Qi’ Is Like Water – Soft Yet Strong, Circulating Freely And Balanced Through A Complex Network Of Rivers, Streams And Brooks Interlacing The Organism. True Qi Is Vitalizing Our Bodies Similar To Water Irrigating The Fields And Fertilizing The Soil. It Is The Source Of Human Health And Vitality, The Source Of Movement And Transformation, Protecting And Warming Our Bodies, Governing The Function Of Our Organs And Maintaining The Physical Integrity, Metabolic Function And Supply Systems Of Our Organism. In A Healthy Person With Abundance Of This Vibrant Bio-energy Available And Living In Harmony With Her- Or Himself, Others And The Environment, It Circulates Freely. A Disturbance Of This Cyclical Flow Of Energy Results In Disharmony Leading To Sickness And Disease. Each Disturbance Expresses Itself In Various Forms Of Illness. Any Part Or Organ In Our Body With Deficient Energy Supply Cannot Function Properly. Also As People Get Older, All Functions Of The Organism, Including The Metabolism, Slow Down. Less Energy Is Produced And Available To Protect The Body Against Disease And Repair Damage And Injury. If ‘qi’ Is Missing Or Its Flow Blocked, Humans Become Increasingly Prone To Illness. It Is Thus Extraordinarily Important That Sufficient Qi Is Present In The Body, And That Its Flow Is Unhindered. Then Humans Are Healthy. Health Is Soundness And Wellness, Is Equivalent To Free Vibration And Free Flow Of Energy – Panta Rhei – Everything Flows. Panta Rhei – Energy For True Prevention From Its Earliest Beginnings Traditional Chinese Medicine (tcm) Recognized, That Every Organism Is A Continuously Self-regulating And Self-optimizing “functional System” Which Responds To A Multitude Of External And Internal Influences. As Said, The Organism Requires Large Amount Of Free Flowing Energy To Do So – And Only An Energy Rich Organism Is Capable To Defend Itself Against Such Influences, Repair And Correct Any Damage And Rebalance Energy & Function. Pathological Developments Can Take Place At Any Time And At Any Place Within Such Complex Systems As The Human Organism. Only In Case Of Disease Do Humans Usually Become Aware Of The Energy Required For Recuperation. Since Ancient Times, Traditional Chinese Medicine Always Put The Emphasis On Prevention Of Illness And Maintenance Of Health Rather Than Treatment Of Disease. In The World’s Oldest Medical Manual, The 2.500 Years Old Yellow Emperor’s Classic Of Internal Medicine Or “huang Di Nei Jing” It States: “if One Takes Medicine Only After One Has Fallen Ill, If One Endeavors To Restore Order After Unrest Has Broken Out, That Is, As If One Would Wait With Digging A Well Until One Is Weakened From Thirst.” Based On This Philosophy, Physicians In Ancient China Were Paid, If Their Patients Were Feeling Well And Healthy. The Focus Was On The Wellness Of The Patient Rather Than On Treatment Of Illness. And The Principle Of This True Prevention Was Based On Free Vibration And Free Flow Of Energy, On – Panta Rhei – Everything Flows. Just As The Nobel Price Laureate Albert Szent-györgyi (1960) Said: “in Every Culture And In Every Medical Tradition Before Ours, Healing Was Accomplished By Moving Energy.” In Primary Prevention Lies The Greatest Potential Of Energy Medicine – Preventing ‘many Patients’ From Traveling The Long Path Of Trial And Tribulation Into Degenerative Disease, Guiding Them Back To Radiant Health And Vitality Instead. Consequently The Essence Of Primary Prevention Consists Of Timely Intervention When Disorders Border Between Health And Disease. At This Stage Of Un-wellness, The Possibilities Of Prevention And Total Recuperation Of The Individual Are Very High. This Is The Aim Of Meridian Diagnostic And Therapeutic Concepts In Energy Medicine. As The Majority Of Patients Fall Into This Category, Which Our Present Health Care Delivery System Cannot Address, The Implementation Of A Prevention-orientated Energy Medicine Offers A Huge Potential To Dramatically Improve Public Health. Energy Medicine Already Enables Us To Diagnose And Analyze Disruptions In The Energy Status And Flow And Understand Some Of Their Underlying Biophysical Dynamics. Further Research Will Heighten Our Awareness And Deepen Our Comprehension How Bio-energy Can Actually Transform Matter And Create An Entirely New Body Structure. From Here The True Therapeutic Potential Of Energy Medicine Will Unfold, Allowing To: • Dissolve Energy Stagnations & Open Energy Blockages • Activate The Body’s Own Vibrational Capacity • Harmonize The Energy Flow • Recharge The Body’s Energy Reserves. With Energy Medicine There Is A Revolution Taking Form, Redefining How The Future Modern Scientific Medicine Is Going To View Health And Disease. Energy Medicine Marks The Beginning Of An Exciting Era Opening Our Hearts And Minds To A New Paradigm Where Mysterious Ancient Healing Traditions Meld With Vanguard Medical Research And Health Science To – As The Nobel Prize Winner Albert Szent-györgyi (1960) Said – Once More ‘accomplish Healing By Moving Energy’. Healing Balances Energy: We All Have Storage Centers In Our Bodies That Store Energy And Energetic Patterns. They Are Called Chakras. We Can Have Energetic Patterns Stored From Events That Happened Yesterday As Well As From Many Years Back In The Past. Some Of These Patterns Will Be Happy Memories And Some Of Them Will Be Unpleasant And Painful Memories Of Something That Happened To Us. Sometimes We Stash Them Away Deep Into Some Recess In Our Chakras And In Our Emotional Body (the Energy Field Around Us, Our Second Energy Body), And Try To Forget About Them, But They Don’t Really Go Away. Dis-ease Is A Manifestation Of Unbalanced And Stagnant Energetic Blockages. Healing, Then Is A Way Of Balancing And Increasing The Energy Flow And Open (delete) Energetic Blockages. This Can Happen Completely Naturally As Soon We Stimulate The Meridian System To It’s Normal Way. Almost All Chronic Or Therapy Resistant Diseases Have Blocked Or Disturbed Meridian Energy Flow. It Leads To Permanent Energy Leakage In The Corresponding Organs And Consequently To Malfunction. “when A Bug Is In The Software The Hardware Doesn’t Work Proper But Its Not Death. Is The Bug Fixed (overwritten), The Hardware Is Functioning Normal Again.“ Same In Our Body And The Meridian System. Is The Energy Flow Re-established The Organ Is Functioning Proper. Even Long Term Diseases Can Go Back To Normal When The Energy Is Increased Over A Certain Period Of Time. The Maintenance Of The Meridian System Is One Of The Most Important Tasks To Keep Health / Vitality And Avoid Disease. Http://new-planet.net/wp/perth-therapy-2/