Color Blindness Is An Inherited Defect Of Vision, Resulting In A Person's Inability To Distinguish Between Specific Colors.partial Color Blindness Is More Common Than Total Color Blindness, In Which A Person Sees Everything As Shades Of Gray(grey). The Most Common Form Of Partialcolor Blindness Leads To Inability Todistinguish Between Red And Green And Rarely Between Blue And Yellow.color Blindness Is A Fairly Common Conditionwhich Occurs More In Men Than Women, But It Is Rarely A Serious Disadvantage To Those Affected.approximately One In 20 Men And One In 200 Women Are Affected .some Studies Suggest That About Eight Percent Of The World's Male Population And Less Than One Percent Of Female Population Are Affected .many People Are Unaware They Are Color Blind Until Their Eyes Have Been Tested .the Retina Compromises Two Types Of Photoreceptors , Rods And Cones. Although The Rods Are More Numerous, Some 120 Million, And Are More Sensitive Than The Cones, They Are Not How-ever, Sensitive To Color. Rods Are Responsible For Vision At Low Light Levels(scotopic Vision) And They Do Not Meditate Color Vision And Have A Low Spatial Acuity The Six Or Seven Million Cones That Provide The Eye's Color Sensitivity Are Much More Concentrated In The Central Yellow Spot Known As The Macula.being Active At Higher Light Levels (photopic Vision) Cones Are Capable Of Color Vision And Are Responsible For High Spatial Acuity. In Simple Terms It May Be Said That Cones Require Brighter Light To Function Than Rods.red ,green And Have Their Corresponding Wavelengths . Red Wavelengths Are Longest, Followed By Green Wavelengths (medium) And Blue Color Is Made Up Of Shorter Wavelengths .they Are Red , Blue And Green Cones Which Are Sensitive To Those Colors And Combinations Of Them. If The Cones Do Not Work Properly Or If There Is No Right Combination, The Brain Does Not Get The Right Message About The Colors You Are Seeing.the Visible Colors From Shortest To Longest Wavelength Are Violet, Blue , Green , Yellow , Orange And Red.the Visible Red Light Having A Wavelength Of About 650 Nanometers Is Responsible For The Presence Of Red Or Orange Color At Sunrise And Sunset, Because The Wavelengths Associated With These Colors Are Less Efficiently Scattered By The Atmosphere Than The Shorter Wavelength Colors Such As Blue Or Purple.the Visible Green Light Having A Wavelength Of About 510 Nm Makes The Grass Appear Green Because All The Colors In The Visible Part Of Spectrum Are Absorbed Into The Leaves Of The Grass Appears Greenthe Visible Blue Light Having A Wavelength Of About 475 Nm Are Scattered More Efficiently By The Molecules In The Atmosphere Which Cause The Sky To Appear Blue.people Who Are Born Blind Do Not See Images In Dreams, But Have Dreams Vivid Involving Their Other Senses Of Sound, Smell, Touch And Emotion.color Blindness Caused By A Disease Of The Retina Or Optic Nerve Is Progressive And Associated With A General Deterioration Of Vision, Unlike Inherited Variety Where The Ability To See Detail Is Unaffected And The Condition Never Worsen.it Is Tested With Ishihara Chart Normally Their Are Means Of Testing Colour Blindness. Please Share============== S.s.venkateshwar, Andaman And Nicobar Islands

Primary Cartilage Tympanoplasty: Our Technique And Results.(dr Mubarak Khan,pune) Am J Otolaryngol. 2010 Sep 9. [epub Ahead Of Print]primary Cartilage Tympanoplasty: Our Technique And Results.khan Mm, Parab Sr.abstractcartilage Has Shown To Be A Promising Graft Material To Close Tympanic Membrane Perforations. However, Due To Its Rigid Quality, Doubts Are Raised Regarding Its Sound Conduction Properties. It Has Been Suggested That Acoustic Benefit May Be Obtained By Thinning The Cartilage. We Describe Our Innovative Method For Harvesting Tragal Cartilage From The Same Endaural Incision And Also Describe Preparation Of The Graft By Slicing It. We Present Our 3-year Experience Of Shield Cartilage Type 1 Tympanoplasty Using Sliced Tragal Cartilage-perichondrium Composite Graft.aim: The Aim Of This Study Was To Prove The Success Rate Of Our Technique Of Shield Cartilage Tympanoplasty Using Sliced Tragal Cartilage Graft In Terms Of Functional And Anatomic Results.study Design: Retrospective Analysis Of Type 1 Cartilage Tympanoplasties Using Sliced Tragal Cartilage Was Carried Out In Mimer Medical College And Sushrut Ent Hospital During May 2005 To January 2008 With A Minimum Follow-up Of 2 Years.method And Materials: A Total Of 223 Ears Were Operated By Our Technique.results: The Overall Success Rate Of Our Technique Was 98.20% In Terms Of Perforation Closure And Air Bone Gap Closure Within 7.06 ± 3.39 Db. The Success Rates In The Various Age Group Are As Follows: 11 To 20 Years, 97.67%; 21 To 40 Years, 99.12%; And 41 To 60 Years, 96.96%.conclusion: Our Technique Of Type 1 Cartilage Tympanoplasty Achieves Good Anatomic And Functional Results.

Why Am I Feeling So Anxious About Everything? Many People Have This Thought Once In A While. Anxiety Is A Protective Phenomenon Fitted In The Brains Of People By Nature. Yes Buoyant Individuals Without Any Anxiety Whatsoever About Anything Rarely Can Perform Well In Life. This Statement Can Be A Great Reliever For Neurotic People Feeling Anxious About Anxiety Per Say! Hypochondriacal People Always Have Heightened Susceptibility To Stimuli That Lead To Excess Anxiety And Worry About The Apparently Casual Situations. In Such Cases, Anxiety Becomes Morbid At Times And Out Of Proportion To The External Circumstances. Also It May Last Long After The Threatening Situation Is Gone. This Kind Of Anxiety Needs Intervention And Good Psychological Counseling. Causative Factors Of Anxiety- (1) Psychological Illnesses Like Depression, Schizophrenia, Etc (2) Long Standing Illnesses (3) Certain Familial Traits And Genetic Contribution To Anxiety Cannot Be Denied (4) Unexpected Life Events With Poor Tolerance Level (5) Sometimes It May Be The Result Of Relatively Minor Day To Day Events (6) Some Physical Illnesses Like Hyperthyroidism, Hypoglycemia, Alcohol Withdrawal, Epilepsy, Pheochromocytoma, Arrhythmias, Etc Clinical Features Of Anxiety- (1) Fear Of Impending Disaster Is One Of The Chief Presenting Symptoms In Most Cases (2) Excessive Irritability (3) Restlessness With Fidgety Feeling All Over The Body (4) Tremors, Sweating, And Palpitations May Be There (5) Some Patients Complain Of Dizziness, Headache, Sudden Diarrheic Spells, Enhanced Frequency Of Urination, Etc (6) Breathlessness, Headache, Insomnia (typically During Initial Sleep), And Poor Concentration Are Observed Too (7) Severe Anxiety Can Result In Some Or The Other Physical (somatic) Illness Including Fever, Malaise, Dullness, Body Ache, Etc Some Peculiar Types Of Anxiety- There Are Many Types Of Anxiety; However, Mainly We Can Classify It Into Phobic Anxiety (phobia) And Panic Disorder. An Abnormal Fear Brought On By A Particular Object Or Situation Because Of Which The Person Avoids That Stimulus Is Termed As Phobia. Phobias Are Commoner In Women And Genetic Contribution Is Important To Consider. Scientists Have Attributed These Types Of Phobic Anxieties To Some Traumatic Event On The Childhood Of The Patient. This Boosts The Homeopathic Physician’s Concept Of Seeking Detailed Childhood History Of The Patient, In Which Lies The Answer To His Or Her Anxiety In Adulthood. Panic Disorder Is Sudden Onset Of Unpredictable And Severe Anxiety. They Usually Are Not Related To A Specific Situation And They Are Linked With Depressive Disorder. In This Variety, The Physical Symptoms Like Palpitations, Chest Pains Etc Are Prominent. The Patient Fears That He Is About To Die. Management Of Anxiety- Choice Of Treatment Goes A Long Way In Establishing The Normal Homeostasis In The Emotional Sphere Of Patient’s Life. Many People Deny That Anxiety Needs To Be Treated. But It Is Evident That Without Treatment, Sulking, Brooding, Irritability, And Excessive Worry Do Not Lessen But Aggravate To Take Graver Form. Therefore, Management Of Anxiety Is A Very Important Step Towards The Person’s Brighter Future. Psychological And Homeopathic Approach- Psychological Counseling Is The Most Important Pillar Of Anxiety Treatment. An Expert Psychologist Can Reassure The Patient And Can Inculcate In Him The Confidence That He Can Get Better. As Homeopathy Deals With Mind Effectively, A Homeopath Himself Is A Great Psychologist. Seeking Apt Data From The Patient Is An Art And Only That Homeopath Succeeds In Treating The Patient, Who Has In-depth Understanding Of The Patient’s Psyche. Therefore We Can Say That Psychological Counseling And Homeopathic Case Taking And Analysis Go Hand In Hand. They Cannot Be Separated. Even For Psychosomatic Anxiety, Importance Of Counseling Cannot Be Underestimated. Specific Relaxation Techniques Help A Great Deal In Patients Of Anxiety. Specific Yoga Techniques, Pranayam, And Homeopathy Together Can Work Marvelously Well In These Patients. Anxiety Is A Disorder In Which Conventionalists Have Very Limited Role. If You Do Not Want To Fall Prey To Heavy Doses Of Anti-depressants That May Leave You Dizzy All Day Long, Seek An Expert Counselor Homeopath That Can Help You Find The Best Equilibrium In Your Physical, Mental, And Emotional Realms. Talking To A Homeopath Is A Great Way To Find The Best Emotional Catharsis For Sure!