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Aug 09
US on high alert over Ebola outbreak
US Thursday has put on high alert the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Thursday against Ebola outbreak, which has killed many hundred people in West Africa.

"I have activated the CDC emergency operation centre at level one for this outbreak. This is our highest level of response," CDC director Tom Frieden told a congressional hearing

"It doesn't mean that there's an increased risk to Americans, but it does mean that we are taking an extensive effort to do everything we can to stop the outbreaks," Xinhua quoted Frieden as saying.

Calling it "a crisis" and "unprecedented," he said at the current trend there will have been more cases in this outbreak than in all previous recognised outbreaks of Ebola put together" within another few weeks.

And the best way to protect everyone worldwide is to stop the outbreak at the source in today's interconnected world, Frieden said.

"That is the only way to get control," he said. "I am confident that if we do what works, we will stop this one. But it won't be quick and it won't be easy. It requires meticulous attention to detail, because if you leave behind even a single burning ember, it's like a forest fire. It flares back up."

Aug 08
WHO to convene experts discussion on experimental Ebola treatment
The World Health Organisation said Thursday it will convene a panel of experts in medical ethics next week to explore the use of experimental treatment of Ebola in West Africa.

"Currently there is no registered medicine or vaccine against the virus, but there are several experimental options under development," Xinhua quoted Farhan Haq, the deputy UN spokesman, as saying at a daily news briefing here.

"The World Health Organisation notes that the recent treatment of two health workers with experimental medicine has raised questions," Haq said.

"It stresses that the gold standard for assessing new medicine involves a series of trials in humans, and that the guiding principle with use of any new medicine is 'do no harm'," he added.

"However, Marie-Paule Kieny, assistant director-general at the World Health Organisation, explained that the current situation was unusual and that guidance from medical ethicists was needed," he elaborated.

As a "secret serum" called ZMapp emerged as the primary treatment of two American aid workers infected with Ebola in West Africa, experts warned that it was too early to tell if the treatment is effective.

Aug 08
Eating at fast food joints send caloric intake soaring
A new study has demonstrated that adults who eat at both fast food and full-service restaurants have a increased chance of calories, sugar, saturated fat, and sodium intake.

Binh T. Nguyen of the American Cancer Society and Lisa M. Powell of the University of Illinois at Chicago said that the United States was one of the most obese nations in the world, with more than one in three adult men and women in defined as obese.

Nguyen further said that just as obesity rates rise, there had been a marked increase in total energy consumption consumed away from home, with about one in four calories coming from fast food or full service restaurants in 2007.

The researchers said that the larger adverse effect they measured on energy intake for some lower socio-economic and minority populations had policy implications.

The study found Individual characteristics moderated the impact of restaurant food consumption. Net energy intake was larger for black adults compared with their white and Hispanic counterparts and greater for middle-income v. high-income adults.

The study is published in Public Health Nutrition.

Aug 07
Suspected Ebola virus case in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia's health ministry announced Tuesday it is testing blood samples of a man who is suspected of being infected with the Ebola virus after a recent trip to Sierra Leone.

The 40-year-old Saudi man showed symptoms of viral haemorrhagic fever Monday night at a hospital in Jeddah. He is in critical condition and has been moved to a care centre with advanced isolation and infection-control capabilities, Xinhua reported citing the ministry.

Preliminary tests in a local laboratory showed negative for dengue virus and additional tests are under way to determine the source of infection, the ministry explained, adding that it would also submit samples for Ebola virus testing to an international reference laboratory at the recommendation of the World Health Organisation.

Some viral hemorrhagic fevers are found in Saudi Arabia but no confirmed case of Ebola virus has been detected in the Gulf nation, the ministry clarified.

Saudi Arabia announced in April that it was not issuing visas for the 2014 Haj and Umrah to pilgrims from Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea due to the outbreak of Ebola in these countries. Medical workers are monitoring travellers at airports and seaports across the kingdom.

Saudi Arabia has suffered from rampant spread of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus, and a total of 721 cases were registered since 2012, with 298 people dying of the disease.

Infection by the virus reduced drastically because of nationwide efforts as no new cases were registered for almost a month.

The Ebola virus disease, formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe illness with a mortality rate of up to 90 percent.

Aug 07
World Bank pledges $200 mn to contain Ebola outbreak
The World Bank said Monday it will provide as much as $200 million in emergency funding to help the three west African countries of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone contain the worsening Ebola outbreak in the region.

World Bank president Jim Yong Kim said in a statement that the new financing commitment was in response to a call from two of the three African countries hardest-hit by Ebola and the World Health Organisation for immediate assistance to contain the outbreak, Xinhua reported.

"I am very worried that many more lives are at risk unless we can stop this Ebola epidemic in its tracks," Kim said. "I have been monitoring its deadly impact around the clock and am deeply saddened at how it has ravaged health workers, families and communities, disrupted normal life, and has led to a breakdown of already weak health systems in the three countries."

Kim urged the international community to act fast to contain and stop this Ebola outbreak, which has killed at least 887 this year.

Kim, whose announcement came on the first day of the US-Africa Summit in Washington, said the new financial pledge would pay for urgently needed medical supplies, salaries for medical staff, and other vital materials to stabilise the health system, while also helping communities cope with financial hardship caused by the epidemic.

The money will also help to build up the region's disease surveillance and laboratory networks to guard against future epidemic outbreaks, he added.

An initial assessment for Guinea projects a full percentage point fall in economic growth from 4.5 percent to 3.5 percent, the bank said.

Also at the summit, US health officials, including Secretary of Health and Human Services Sylvia Mathews Burwell and Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Director Tom Frieden, met with President of Guinea Alpha Conde, and senior officials from Liberia and Sierra Leone about the Ebola outbreak, the US State Department said in a statement.

"The group identified national and regional priorities and held intensive discussions on the types of assistance needed to mount an effective response," the State Department said. "Secretary Burwell and Director Frieden reiterated US engagement and support for efforts to control the outbreak and address the challenge."

Earlier, the US government said it will send 50 disease control experts this month to West Africa to aid in containing the outbreak.

Aug 06
Hepatitis C may become rare by 2036: Study
The deadly hepatitis C could become a rare disease by the year 2036 owing to new effective drugs and widespread screening, says a study.

"If we can improve access to treatment and incorporate more aggressive screening guidelines, we can reduce the number of chronic HCV (hepatitis C) cases, prevent more cases of liver cancer and reduce liver-related deaths," said Jagpreet Chhatwal, an assistant professor at the University of Texas of the MD Anderson Cancer Center in the US.

In the study, Chhatwal and his collaborators used a mathematical model with information from several sources including more than 30 clinical trials to predict the impact of new therapies called "direct-acting antivirals" and the use of screening for chronic HCV cases.

Researchers developed a computer model to analyse and predict disease trends from 2001-50.

With new screening guidelines and therapies, HCV will affect only one in 1,500 people in the US by 2036, researchers predicted.

HCV - a virus transmitted through the blood - is spread by sharing needles, the use of contaminated medical equipment and by tattoo and piercing equipment that has not been fully sterilised.

Those at the highest risk of exposure are baby boomers - people born between 1945-65.

The model predicts one-time HCV screening of baby boomers would help identify 487,000 cases over the next 10 years.

The study appeared in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine.

Aug 06
Poor diabetics at greater risk of limb amputation
Diabetics in low-income neighbourhoods are up to 10 times more likely to lose a limb than patients residing in affluent areas, says a study.

"When you have diabetes, where you live directly relates to whether you will lose a limb to the disease," said lead author Carl Stevens, a clinical professor of medicine from David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

To reach this conclusion, researchers used data from the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research's California Health Interview Survey.

It estimated the prevalence of diabetes among low-income populations by ZIP code.

The result was a detailed set of maps showing diabetic amputation rates by neighbourhood for patients 45 and older - the age range at greatest risk for amputation from disease complications.

"Neighbourhoods with high amputation rates clustered geographically into hot spots with a greater concentration of households falling below the federal poverty level," said co-author Dylan Roby, director of health economics at UCLA.

Amputation patients were most likely to be black or non-English speaking, male, and older than 65.

People with poorly managed diabetes often suffer from a compromised immune system.

As a result, a blister or other foot injury may rapidly progress to a serious, even life-threatening infection.

Earlier diagnosis and proper treatment could prevent many of these amputations, researchers noted.

The findings, published in the journal Health Affairs, will motivate health providers to reach out to patients at risk of late intervention and inspire policymakers to adopt legislation to reduce barriers to care, researchers concluded.

Aug 05
In-flight infants at greater death risk: Study
If we believe a shocking in-flight pattern revealed by researchers, lap infants are at greater risk of dying on board owing to bad sleeping arrangements.

Through a detailed analysis of over 7,000 reported medical emergencies involving children (from newborn up to 18 years of age) on flights worldwide between January 2010 and June 2013 and found 90 percent of deaths occurred in children under two years of age.

"The pattern we identified is intriguing and could indicate lap infants are at greater risk of death related to in-flight environmental factors such as sleeping arrangements," said Alexandre Rotta, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital (UH Rainbow) in Cleveland.

According to Rotta, these infants may be at increased risk from exposure to a hypoxic cabin environment, or by sharing a seat with an adult and co-sleeping during a long flight, but there could also be another yet unknown factor.

The majority of paediatric in-flight emergencies are related to infections, neurological conditions, and respiratory issues such as asthma, seldom require alteration of flight route and do not pose significant risk to life.

Because an in-flight paediatric death is such a rare event, large datasets were necessary to capture a meaningful number of observations.

"It is my belief the pattern we discovered should promote the development of preventative strategies and travel policies to protect the health of all pediatric airplane passengers, especially infants," Rotta suggested.

The fatalities were identified by searching records of all in-flight medical emergencies for child passengers that were reported to MedAire, the leading provider of ground-based medical support to commercial airlines worldwide.

Aug 05
You can ward off stress-related ageing with 'healthy lifestyle'
A new study has revealed that maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help people avoid stress-related ageing.

According to the study by UC San Francisco, it was found that stress ages the body on a cellular level; however healthy diet, getting enough sleep and exercising acts as a "buffer" against the negative impact on the body, the Daily Express reported.

Dr Eli Puterman, an assistant professor in the department of psychiatry, said that people who exercised, slept well and ate well had less telomere shortening than the ones who didn't maintain healthy lifestyles, even when they had similar levels of stress

He further said that this was the first study that supported the idea that stressful events could accelerate immune-cell ageing in adults, even in the short period of a year and it's very important that they promote healthy living, especially under circumstances of typical experiences of life stressors like death, caregiving and job loss.

Stress has been linked to many serious conditions from Alzheimer's to heart disease and cancer. The study concentrated on telomeres, the protective "caps" at the ends of chromosomes affecting how cells age.

The researchers found that women who engaged in lower levels of healthy behaviors, there was a significantly greater decline in telomere length in their immune cells for every major life stressor that occurred during the year.

Yet women who maintained active lifestyles, healthy diets, and good quality sleep appeared protected when exposed to stress - accumulated life stressors did not appear to lead to greater shortening.

The study was published in Molecular Psychiatry.

Aug 04
Fears of Australian surrogacy ban over abandoned Down Syndrome baby
Reports that an Australian couple abandoned a baby with his surrogate mother in Thailand because he has Down Syndrome have raised fears Australia will ban international surrogacy, a support group said on Saturday.

The boy was born to Thai woman Pattaramon Chanbua in December and while an Australian couple took his healthy twin sister, they left him behind, according to media reports.

"They (the surrogacy agency) told me to carry a baby for a family that does not have children... They said it would be a baby in a tube," Pattaramon told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

The 21-year-old from Chonburi province southeast of Bangkok said she agreed to carry the child for a fee of USD14,900 enough to educate her own two children and pay back debts.

But she was now left with the baby boy, who also suffers from a life-threatening heart condition, and cannot afford to pay for the medical treatment he needs.

"I don't know what to do. I chose to have him... I love him, he was in my tummy for nine months," she told the ABC.

The reports about the boy's abandonment have triggered donations to a fundraising page created last week, while Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott said it was an "incredibly sad" situation.

"I guess it illustrates some of the pitfalls involved in this particular business," he told reporters.

By today, well-wishers had raised more than USD 140,000 in donations for the baby via the "Hope For Gammy" website, which was also flooded with comments.

"From my children to yours. They are the future and come all differently but always a gift from above," wrote one donor.

Commercial surrogacy, in which a woman is paid to carry a child, is not permitted in Australia but couples are able to use an altruistic surrogate who receives no payment beyond medical and other reasonable expenses.

However, Surrogacy Australia said more couples choose to go overseas than find an altruistic surrogate at home, with 400 or 500 each year venturing to India, Thailand, the United States and other places to do so.

"It's just much easier overseas," chief executive Rachel Kunde told AFP.

"There's so much red tape involved (in Australia)."

Kunde said the details of the latest case were not clear, and it was not known whether the Australian couple involved were even aware he had been born or had been told that he had been aborted.

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