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Apr 28
Weight-loss tamarind and anti-depressants a deadly mix
Are you taking weight-loss supplements while on anti-depressants? Take caution because the popular weight-loss supplement garcinia cambogia -- famously known as Malabar tamarind -- could lead to toxicity in the body.

Previous studies have shown that garcinia cambogia may, in fact, increase the levels of serotonin -- a neurotransmitter.

New research found that taking the supplement in combination with anti-depressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) -- which also cause serotonin levels to rise -- could lead to serotonin toxicity.

"People who are taking SSRIs should not use garcinia cambogia at least until further research is done," said D. Robert Hendrickson, a toxicologist at Oregon Health and Sciences University.

In India, garcinia cambogia is better known as Malabar tamarind.

This fruit originated in Indonesia, but is grown and cultivated along the western ghats of Kerala. Sri Lanka and Malaysia are also well acquainted with the garcinia cambogia.

The hydroxycitric acid (HCA) compound in the fruit is touted as a fat-burning, metabolism-boosting, appetite-suppressing weight-loss product.

"If I had a family member or a patient who was considering starting Garcinia and they were on an SSRI, I would recommend that they do not do it for now," a Live Science report quoted Hendrickson as saying.

The study appeared in the Journal of Medical Toxicology.

Apr 28
China reports new bird flu case in humans
One more case of bird flu in humans has been confirmed in China's Jiangsu province, health authorities said Saturday.

A 35-year-old woman surnamed Lu, who was confirmed to have the infection Saturday, is in critical condition, Xinhua quoted the local health department as saying.

Jiangsu has reported 7 human H7N9 cases so far this month.

China has reported more than 120 human H7N9 cases this year, including at least 39 deaths.

Apr 25
How immune system protects children from malaria revealed
A new study has revealed that children who live in regions of the world where malaria is common can mount an immune response to infection with malaria parasites.

According to the study, that the immune response may enable kids to avoid repeated bouts of high fever and illness and partially control the growth of malaria parasites in their bloodstream.

The researchers have claimed that the findings may help in developing future interventions that prevent or mitigate the disease caused by the malaria parasite.

It was found that immune cells collected before the malaria season responded by producing large amounts of molecules that cause inflammation, fever and other malaria symptoms.

According to the authors, this immune response, which appears to depend on ongoing exposure to malaria parasites, may have evolved to protect young children from potentially life-threatening inflammation and unchecked parasite growth in the face of repeated malaria infections, before they acquire antibodies that reliably protect against the onset of malaria symptoms.

The study was published in PLOS Pathogens.

Apr 25
Meet woman who got lab grown vagina implanted
A woman who was born with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome was recently implanted with a lab grown vagina and now leads a normal life.

The Mexican women who participated in the study said that she felt very fortunate because she could have a normal life, the New York Daily News reported.

She said that it is imperative to let other girls that have the same problem to know that there was a treatment and one could have a normal life.

The woman was 18-year-old when she had the procedure said that she was aware that she was the first one who got a vagina implanted.

MRKH is a syndrome where vagina is absent or underdeveloped.

Apr 24
Blame your genes for inflammatory bowel disease
Researchers have linked two genes to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Now, Cincinnati Cancer Center and University of Cincinnati (UC) Cancer Institute researcher Susan Waltz, PhD, and scientists in her lab have done what is believed to be the first direct genetic study to document the important function for the Ron receptor, a cell surface protein often found in certain cancers, and its genetic growth factor, responsible for stimulating cell growth, in the development and progression of IBD.

Waltz, professor in the department of cancer biology at UC, said genome-wide linkage studies have identified the Ron receptor tyrosine kinase and its hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (HGFL) as genes highly associated with IBD, asserting that only scant information exists on the role of Ron or HGFL in IBD. Based on the linkage of Ron to IBD, they examined the biological role of Ron in colitis - swelling of the large intestine (colon).

In the study, Waltz and Rishikesh Kulkarni, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow in UC's department of cancer biology, used animal models with colitis. A genetic knockout group did not have Ron; the other did.

"We found that genetic loss of Ron led to aggressive inflammation and damage to the colon of models with IBD," she says.

Loss of Ron also led to significantly reduced body weight and a dramatic reduction in colon tissue cell growth as well as increased pro-inflammatory cytokine (proteins important in cell signaling) production, which was associated with changes in important signaling pathways known to regulate IBD.

The results have been published online in the American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology.

Apr 24
Breakthrough discovery in preventing atherosclerosis
In a significant finding, scientists at Johns Hopkins University have found a way to block abnormal cholesterol production, transport and breakdown, successfully preventing the development of atherosclerosis, the main cause of heart attacks and strokes and the number-one cause of death in humans.

The condition develops when fat builds inside blood vessels over time and renders them stiff, narrowed and hardened, greatly reducing their ability to feed oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle and the brain.

The Johns Hopkins team published their study in the journal Circulation on April 7. Researchers said that it had identified and halted the fat and sugar molecule called glycosphingolipid (GSL), responsible for a range of biological glitches, from producing abnormal cholesterol.

In the study, the team used an existing man-made compound called D-PDMP to block the GSL molecule and found that the process prevented the development of heart disease in the experimental mice and rabbits who were fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet.

The findings reveal that D-PDMP appears to work by interfering with a constellation of genetic pathways that regulate fat metabolism on multiple fronts. From the way cells derive and absorb cholesterol from food, to the way cholesterol is transported to tissues and organs and is then broken down by the liver and excreted from the body.

"Atherosclerosis is a multi-factorial problem that requires hitting the abnormal cholesterol cycle at many points. By inhibiting the synthesis of GSL, we believe we have achieved exactly that," said the study's lead investigator Subroto Chatterjee, Ph.D., in a news release.

Apr 23
Colon cancer linked to dietary fats
New genetic evidence could strengthen the link between the role of dietary fats with colon cancer progression.

The study, led by Arizona State University researcher and physician Dr. Raymond DuBois, M.D., Ph.D., has identified a molecular culprit, called peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR delta), which, when deleted in a mouse model of colon cancer, stopped key steps required for the initiation and progression of tumor growth.

"This study has shown without a doubt there is a new function for a key molecule, PPAR delta, in the initiation and progression of colon cancer," DuBois, executive director of ASU's Biodesign Institute said.

"These results also provide a new rationale for developing therapeutics that could block PPAR delta to treat inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer," he said.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, dietary components high in saturated fats such as red meat are thought to be risk factors for colon cancer. Other known epidemiological risk factors are family history, inflammatory bowel disease, smoking and type-2 diabetes.

The study is published online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Apr 23
Ginseng can help treat and prevent influenza, respiratory virus
A new study has found that ginseng can help treat and prevent influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a respiratory virus that infects the lungs and breathing passages.

In a recent issue of Nutrients and an upcoming publication of the International Journal of Molecular Medicine, Sang-Moo Kang reports the beneficial effects of ginseng, a well-known herbal medicine, on human health.

Kang's primary research focuses on designing and developing effective vaccines against viral diseases such as influenza virus and RSV, but he partnered with a university and research institutes in South Korea that wanted international collaborative projects to study if ginseng can be used to improve health and protect against disease because of the potential benefit in fighting these viruses.

Ginseng has been reported to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory and immune modifying abilities.

Seasonal influenza is a serious respiratory disease that causes annual epidemics in humans worldwide, resulting in about three to five million cases of severe illness and about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths, according to the World Health Organization. Influenza can spread quickly, and new, unexpected pandemic influenza viruses may emerge at any time and cross over to different species. The H1N1 influenza virus, a new strain known as swine flu that emerged in 2009, spread rapidly to more than 74 countries. There are also challenges with existing influenza vaccines, such as required annual updates and no protection against pandemic strains and bird flu.

In addition, there are no vaccines available for RSV , which affects millions and is the leading cause of inflammatory bronchiolitis pneumonia and viral death in infants and in some elderly adults.

In his study published in Nutrients, Kang investigated whether red ginseng extract has preventive effects on influenza A virus infection.

He found that red ginseng extract improves the survival of human lung epithelial cells infected with influenza virus. Also, treatment with red ginseng extract reduced the expression of genes that cause inflammation.

Apr 22
Blame your genes for low tolerance of pain
Researchers may have identified key genes linked to why some people have a higher tolerance for pain than others.

Study author Tobore Onojjighofia, MD, MPH, with Proove Biosciences and a member of the American Academy of Neurology and colleagues evaluated 2,721 people diagnosed with chronic pain for certain genes. Participants were taking prescription opioid pain medications. The genes involved were COMT, DRD2, DRD1 and OPRK1. The participants also rated their perception of pain on a scale from zero to 10. People who rated their pain as zero were not included in the study.

Low pain perception was defined as a score of one, two or three; moderate pain perception was a score of four, five or six; and high pain perception was a score of seven, eight, nine or 10.

Nine percent of the participants had low pain perception, 46 percent had moderate pain perception and 45 percent had high pain perception.

The researchers found that the DRD1 gene variant was 33 percent more prevalent in the low pain group than in the high pain group. Among people with a moderate pain perception, the COMTand OPRK variants were 25 percent and 19 percent more often found than in those with a high pain perception.

The DRD2 variant was 25 percent more common among those with a high pain perception compared to people with moderate pain.

Apr 22
Probiotics for infant colic 'not effective in reducing symptoms'
Researchers have claimed that the use of the probiotic L reuteri for infant colic does not reduce crying or fussing in infants nor is it effective in improving infant sleep, functioning or quality of life.

Joel Lavine, M.D., Ph.D., professor of pediatrics and chief of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition at Columbia University Medical Center, said the role of different intestinal microbes in producing or alleviating colic remains a subject of interest.

He said some studies have identified changes in the colonization that are associated with colic, although these changes have not been shown to be causative, and the specific kinds of bacteria potentially responsible have not been identified. Thus far, manipulation of gut colonization by probiotics remains an inexact science and conflicting evidence exists regarding the efficacy of probiotics in improving the problem.

Dr Lavine said manipulation of bacterial populations in the gut may reduce the amount of gas produced by virtue of reducing lactose malabsorption, adding that this problem of lactose malabsorption can be easily resolved by providing lactase to infants who are lacking, by way of commercially available infant drops.

The study has been published in the British Medical Journal.

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