An eating disorder causing people to obsess about weight and what they eat.





Anorexia Nervosa is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss.


The condition commonly involves emotional challenges, an unrealistic body image, and an exaggerated fear of becoming overweight or obese. If often begins during the teenage years or early adulthood, but it can begin in the preteen years. It is the third most common chronic illness among teens.


Eating disorders affect some 30 million men and women in the United States. Both men and women can develop anorexia, but it is 10 times more common in females. Nearly 1 in every 100 American women will experience anorexia some time. Anorexia nervosa is different from anorexia, which means a loss of appetite or inability to eat.


Fast facts on Anorexia Nervosa:


Here are some key points about anorexia nervosa

. Anorexia nervosa is a psychological condition that involves an eating disorder.

. Symptoms include a very low body mass index, a refusal to eat, and attempts to lose weight, even when body mass index is very low.

. It is thought to be triggered by a combination of biological, environmental, and genetic factors.

. Treatment can take some time, but with a combination of counseling and other types of therapy, recovery is possible.


Anorexia nervosa is a psychological condition and an eating disorder in which the individual loses more weight than is healthy for their height and age. The individual will maintain a body weight of 85% or less of their expected weight.


. A person with anorexia will internationally restrict their food intake, generally due to a fear of being or becoming fat, even when their body mass index is already low. They may also practice excessive, use laxatives, and vomit to reduce weight, but to a lesser extent then those diagnosed with bulimia.


.Complication can be severe. An eating disorder is reported t have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness. Treatment includes hospitalization and counseling.


Symptoms:


Anorexia nervosa is a complex condition, but the main sign is usually severe weight loss. The person may also talk about being overweight, although objective measures, such as BMI, show that this is not true.

Behavioral changes may include a refusal to eat, exercising excessively, and use of laxatives or vomiting after consuming food.



- Severe loss of muscle mass

- Hypotension, or blood pressure
- Listlessness, fatigue, exhaustion

- Lightheadedness or dizziness

- Hypothermia, or low body temperature, and cold hands and feet

- Bloated or upset stomach and constipation

- Dry skin

- Alopecia, or hair loss

- Swollen hands and feet

- Infertility

- Insomnia

- Loss of menstruation or less frequent periods

- Brittle nails

- Osteoporosis, or loss of bone density

- Irregular or abnormal heart rhythms

- Lanugo, fine downy hair growing all over the body, and increased facial hair signs of vomiting include bad breath and tooth decay, due to the acid in the vomit.


Psychological signs and symptoms include:


- Obsession with food, for examples, reading cookery books

- Excessive concern about being fat or overweight

- Frequently measuring and weighing themselves and inspecting their bodies in the mirror

- Lying about food intake

- Not eating or refusing to eat

- Reduce sex drive

- Self- denial

- Lack of emotion or a depressed mood

- Over-exercising

- Irritability

- Memory loss

- Obsessive-compulsive behavior

Food and eating become associated with guilt. It may be difficult to talk to the person about a possible problem, as they will likely refuse to acknowledge that anything is wrong.


Causes:


No single cause has been identified for anorexia nervosa. It probably happens as a result of biological, environmental, and psychological factors.


- Being susceptible to depression and anxiety

- Having difficulty handling stress.

- Being excessively worried, afraid, or doubtful about the future

- Being perfectionist and overly concerned about rules.

- Having a negative self-image

- Having eating problems during early childhood or infancy

- Having had an anxiety disorder during childhood.

- Holding specific regarding beauty and health, which may be influenced by culture or society

- Having a high level of emotional restraint or control over their own behavior and expression, the person may be overly worried about their weight and shape, but this is not necessarily the key factor.


33 and 50 % of people with anorexia also have a mood disorder, such as depression, and around half have an anxiety disorder, such as Obsessive-compulsive disorder and social phobia. This suggests that negative emotions and a low self-image may contribute, in some cases. A person may develop anorexia Nervosa as a way of gaining control of some of their life. As they exert control of their food intake, this feels like success, and so the behavior continues.


Environmental factors:



Environmental factors may include the hormonal changes that occur during puberty, plus feelings of anxiety, stress, and low self-esteem. The fashion industry and media messages suggesting that being thin is beautiful may have an impact.

- Physical, sexual, emotional or other types of abuse

- Family or other relationship problems

- Being bullied

- Fear and pressure to succeed

- A stressful life event, such as bereavement or becoming unemployed.


Genetic Factors:


Studies have found that some people with eating disorders may have an imbalance in certain brain chemicals that control digestion, appetite, and hunger. Further research is needed to confirm this. Genetic factors may affect a person's susceptibility to eating disorders, as they can run in families. between 50 to 80% of the risk for anorexia is thought to be genetic.


Vicious cycle:


Once a person starts losing weight, low weight and lack of nutrients may contribute to brain changes in a way that reinforces the behaviors and obsessive thoughts related to anorexia nervosa. The changes could involve the part of the brain that controls appetite,



Once a person starts losing weight, low weight and lack of nutrients may contribute to brain changes in a way that reinforces the behaviors and obsessive thoughts related to anorexia nervosa.



The changes could involve the part of the brain that controls appetite or they could increase the feelings of anxiety and guilt that become associated with eating.


Anorexia nervosa may have different gut microbial communities than those without the condition. The authors suggested that this could contribute to anxiety, depression, and further weight loss. People with anorexia nervosa are less able to differentiate between different types of positive emotion. This can lead to further weight-loss behavior, as self- deprivation becomes associated with a sense of pride.







Diagnosis:


Diagnosis and prompt treatment increase the chance of a good outcome.


The physician will ask the patient about weight loss, how they feel about their weight, and, for females, about menstruation. It can be hard fo the patient to open up and speak frankly about themselves. It can take years to confirm a diagnosis, especially if the person was previously obese. If the physician detects signs of anorexia nervosa, they may order tests to rule out other underlying medical conditions with similar signs and symptoms.

- Diabetes, Addison's disease

- Chronic infections, Malabsorption

- Immunodeficiency, Cancer

- Inflammatory bowel disease, Hyperthyroidism


Complications:


Complications can affect every body system, and they can be severe.


Physical complications include:


- Cardiovascular problems: These include low heart rate, low blood pressure, and damage to the heart muscle.


- Blood problems: There is a higher risk of developing leukopenia, or low white blood cell count. and anemia, a low red blood cell count.


Gastrointestinal problems: Movement in the intestines slow significantly when a person is severely underweight and eating too little, but this resolves when the diet improves.


Kidney problems: Dehydration can lead to highly concentrated urine and more urine production. The kidneys usually recover as weight levels improve.


Hormonal problems: Lower levels of growth hormones may lead to delayed growth during adolescence.

श्री विष्णुसहस्रनाम स्तोत्रातील वैश्विक चैतन्य: डॉ. श्रीनिवास कशाळीकर
लेखांक १३.

अनादिनिधनं विष्णुं सर्वलोकमहेश्वरम्
लोकाध्यक्षं स्तुवन्नित्यं सर्वदु:खातिगो भवेत् -८.
भीष्माचार्य पुढे म्हणाले, “उत्पन्न होणे, वाढणे, टिकून राहणे, बुद्धिभ्रंश होणे, क्षीणता येणे आणि नाश पावणे असे सहाही विकार नसलेला म्हणून अनादिनिधनं असा, चराचराचा आणि जाणीवेच्या सर्व पातळ्यांचा स्वामी असल्यामुळे लोकाध्यक्षं असा, सर्वान्तर्बाह्य विश्व आणि जाणीवा व्यापणारा म्हणून विष्णू ह्या नावाने ओळखला जाणारा आणि सर्व सत्ताधीश असल्याने सर्वलोकमहेश्वम् असा ईश्वर; निरंतर स्तुती करण्यास म्हणजे उपासना करण्यास सर्वतोपरी योग्य आहे. ह्या सच्चिदानंदाच्या अशा सहवासामुळे, देहबुद्धीजन्य (उत्पन्न होणे, वाढणे, टिकून राहणे, बुद्धिभ्रंश होणे, क्षीणता येणे आणि नाश पावणे) अशा सर्व दु:खांपासून जीवाला मुक्ती मिळते.

श्री विष्णुसहस्रनाम स्तोत्रातील वैश्विक चैतन्य: डॉ. श्रीनिवास कशाळीकर
लेखांक ११.
प्रश्न ५.
को धर्म: सर्व धर्माणां भवत: परमो मत:
धर्म ह्याचा अर्थ सर्व दृश्य आणि अदृश्य अशा विश्वाला आधारभूत अशी व्यवस्था. तिचे अचूक ज्ञान आत्मसात होणे हे मनुष्य जीवनाला आधारभूत असून अशा ज्ञानाला अखिल मानव जातीचा आणि म्हणूनच प्रत्येक व्यक्तीचा सर्वश्रेष्ठ धर्म असे म्हणतात.
ह्या धर्माविषयी संभ्रम होऊ नये म्हणून आपल्या सर्वांच्या वतीने महाराज युधिष्ठीर हा प्रश्न विचारतात. याअगोदर जे चार प्रश्न विचारले गेले आहेत, त्याना अनुरोधून पाहिले तर, अंतरीचा निर्गुण देव, म्हणजेच योग्य स्तुती आणि पूजेचे अचूक स्थान ह्या सर्वश्रेष्ठ धर्माच्या आचरणानेच प्राप्त हितात आणि आपले जीवन सर्वतोपरी कृतार्थ होत होत; सच्चिदानंद अनुभूतीमध्ये परिणत होते.
प्रश्न ६.
किं जपन्मुच्यते जन्तुर्जन्मसंसार बंधनात?
याअगोदर विचारात घेतलेल्या धर्माचे एक उन्नत, अत्यावश्यक आणि अविभाज्य अंग म्हणजे स्मरण. ह्यालाच जप असेही म्हणतात.
सुरवातीला “जन्म-मृत्त्युचे बंधन” आणि “त्यातून मुक्ती” हे शब्दप्रयोग आणि ह्या कल्पना आपल्याला अनैसर्गिक (आणि काहीजणांना तर विकृत) वाटू शकतात. परंतु आपण जसे जसे; जीवनाच्या गाभ्याच्या नजीक पोचतो, तसे तसे हे शब्द प्रयोग आणि ह्या कल्पना समजू लागतात. त्यांच्यातील मर्म ध्यानात येऊ लागते. जन्म आणि मृत्युच्या अर्थात संसाराच्या बंधनातून मुक्ती म्हणजे आंतरिक सामाधानापासून पुन्हा पुन्हा फरफटत दूर जावे लागण्यापासून मुक्ती असते; ह्याची कल्पना येऊ लागते.
पण हे सारे नामस्मरणाच्या आचरणानेच अधिकाधिक स्पष्ट होऊ लागते!
पण म्हणूनच महाराज युधिष्ठीर आपल्या सर्वांच्या वतीने हा प्रश्न उपस्थित करीत असताना दिसत आहेत, की कोणत्या जपाच्या साह्याने जंतू म्हणजे मनुष्य प्राणी जन्म आणि मृत्यू ह्यांच्या; अर्थात संसाराच्या बंधनातून मुक्त होईल?

श्री विष्णुसहस्रनाम स्तोत्रातील वैश्विक चैतन्य: डॉ. श्रीनिवास कशाळीकर
लेखांक ९.
प्रश्न ३.
(अशुभ म्हणजेच सच्चिदानंदाच्या आड येणारे सर्व नष्ट होण्यासाठी) स्तुवन्त: कं म्हणजे स्तुती करण्यायोग्य कोण आहे किंवा कुणाची स्तुती करावी? ह्या अगोदर वर्णन केलेली सद्गती म्हणजेच सर्वांच्या अंतरंगातील हे स्थान; निराकार, अदृश्य म्हणजेच निर्गुण असल्यामुळे त्याविषयी कल्पना करता येत नाही. एका बाजूने सर्वांना उत्कट आणि अनामिक ओढ तर लागते, पण दुसऱ्या बाजूने त्याविषयी गोंधळ निर्माण होण्याची दाट शक्यता असते. विपरीत कल्पना निर्माण होण्याची शक्यता देखील असते.
अशी विपरीत कल्पना होऊ नये, म्हणून आत्मज्ञानी आणि आत्मसाक्षात्कारी सदगुरूंकडे धाव घेणे आणि त्यांना प्रश्न विचारणे वा सांकडे घालणे गरजेचे आणि योग्य असते. आपल्याला योग्य ज्ञान मिळावे, आपली इच्छा योग्य दिशेला वळावी आणि आपल्याकडून योग्य क्रिया घडावी ह्यासाठी सद्गुरुंचे अंतरंग आणि आपले अंतरंग जोडले जाणे आवश्यक असते. ह्यालाच सद्गुरुकृपा म्हणतात. अशा सद्गुरुकृपेने आपला जिव्हाळा (जो दुधावरील सायीप्रमाने किंवा ताकावरील लोण्याप्रमाणे आपल्या जीवनाचे सर्वस्व असतो, तो अनुचित प्रकारे अनुचित ठिकाणी न जाता) योग्य शब्दातून आणि योग्य ठिकाणी पोचावा म्हणून आर्ततेने विचारलेला हा प्रश्न आहे.
आत्मज्ञानी जगद्गुरू महर्षी वेदव्यास यांनी विश्वकल्याणासाठी आपणच हा प्रश्न महाराज युधिष्ठीर यांच्याद्वारे भीष्म पितामह यांना विचारून आपणच भीष्मचार्यांच्याद्वारे त्याचे समर्पक उत्तर पुढे दिले आहे.

श्री विष्णुसहस्रनाम स्तोत्रातील वैश्विक चैतन्य: डॉ. श्रीनिवास कशाळीकर
लेखांक ७.
नम: समस्त भूतानाम् आदिभूताय भूभृते
अनेक रूप रूपाय विष्णवे प्रभविष्णवे -२.
सर्वासामान्यपणे पाच महाभूतांमध्ये वर्गीकृत अशा चराचर मूळ पदार्थांचेही मूळ असलेल्या आणि अनेक रूपातील अशा जगत्स्वामी विष्णूला माझे पुन्हा पुन्हा साष्टांग नमस्कार असोत.
वैशंपायन उवाच
श्रुत्वा धर्मानशेषेण पावनानि च सर्वश:
युधिष्ठिर: शांतनवं पुनरेवाभ्यभाषत -३.
वैशंपायन ऋषी जनमेजय राजाला म्हणतात, “भीष्माचार्याकडून, संपूर्ण पवित्र धर्म आणि धर्माचार यांच्यासंबंधीचे विवेचन ऐकून धर्मराज युधिष्ठिर भीष्माचार्याना सहा प्रश्न विचारतात”.
किमेकं दैवतं लोके किंवाप्येकं परायणम्
स्तुवन्त: कं कंमर्चन्त: प्राप्नुयुर्वानवा: शुभम् – ४.
को धर्म: सर्व धर्माणां भवता: परमो मत:
किं जपन्मुच्यते जन्तुर्जन्मसंसारबंधनात् -५.
प्रश्न १. किमेकं दैवतं लोके म्हणजे ह्या विश्वामध्ये एकमेवाद्वितीय असा देव कोणता आहे? देव ह्याचा आशय स्वतंत्र आणि विश्वनियंत्रक अशी शक्ती. आपण सर्व व्यक्तीश: मर्यादित आणि परतंत्र असलो तरी अशा शक्तीची सुप्त आणि अनामिक ओढ असल्यामुळे आपल्या मनात असा प्रश्न निर्माण होतो.