Often Indian ladies have large bellies. Common causes are multiple pregnancies, sedentary lifestyle, poor physical exercises and health neglect. At times scars on abdomen of surgeries compound the weakness of the tummy.

It is not uncommon to notice a protrusion (hernia) thro natural scar (umbilicus) or surgical scars. "My mom also had it" is a common answer which denotes that they have a metabolic error whereby the scars are inherently formed weak. They move around with such bulges on their huge tummies. At times there is no umbilicus visible because of huge hernias. At times they are huge protrusions of the intestines and other contents.

So when the patients are advised to get operated their argument is that so many have it and for so many years they are carrying on without any complaints, so why operate? Well the reason to get it operated is that slowly all of them grow. More and more contents of the tummy start protruding out and one day it becomes so tight or overcrowded that they get strangulated and there is no space for blood to nourish the intestines and other contents. Thus a simple problem gets complicated. The patient all of a sudden suffers from great pain as a result has to be rushed to the hospital. The surgery becomes lengthy and riskier. The recovery period increases and so does the cost. Why wait so long?

- See more at: http://drbcshah.com/hernia-becomes-gangrenous/

HIV /AIDS RETURNS IN TWO BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTED PATIENTS

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Two patients previously thought to be �cured� of HIV after undergoing bone marrow transplants are now seeing the return of the virus in their blood, a US doctor has revealed.

Timothy Henrich, a physician-researcher at the Boston Brigham and Women�s Hospital, believed the re-emergence of the virus demonstrates that HIV reservoirs, latent cells carrying the virus, �is deeper and more persistent� than scientists had realised.

�The return of detectable levels of HIV in our patients is disappointing, but scientifically significant,� Henrich told Xinhua in a statement through e-mail.

�Through this research, we have discovered �that our current standards of probing for HIV may not be sufficient to inform us if long-term HIV remission is possible if anti-retroviral therapy is stopped,� he said.

The two HIV-positive patients, who do not want to be identified, received bone marrow transplants as part of treatment for Hodgkin� s lymphoma, a cancer of the blood, one in 2008, the other in 2010.

HIV became undetectable in both patients approximately eight months after transplant. This year, during spring, they agreed to cease anti-retroviral therapy to test whether the transplant had eliminated the virus from their bodies.

In July, the researchers announced that the two have shown no signs of HIV after they were off anti-retroviral therapy for 15 weeks and seven weeks, respectively.

But in August, the researchers detected HIV in one of the patients, who then resumed taking medication. The other opted to stay off the medicine but last month, after 32 weeks with no HIV detected, signs of the virus re-emerged and the patient also resumed anti-retroviral therapy.

According to researchers, the virus is now suppressing as expected and they are both currently in good health.

HIV/AIDS INFECTIONS FOLLOWED BY OPPURTUNISTIC INFECTIONS;

PROF.DRRAM ,HIV/AIDS,SEX DISEASES,SEX WEAKNESS & ABORTION SPECIALIST
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Besides some infections like Oral thrush,oral hairy leuoplakia,undiagnosed fever,loss of weight,loss of appetite,Diarrhoea prolonging for month or so which usually occurs even CD4 COUNT IS NOT THAT LOW I.E., ABOVE 200 OR more than 14% of total CD4 count percentage most below mentioned infections comes once HIV VIRAL LOAD IS HIGH,CD 4 BELOW 200 or 50 .
some gross hiv OPPURTUNISTIC INFECTIONS ARE AS FOLLOW:_

AIDS MALIASE:Weakness uneasyness muscle cramps,fever,nausea vomiting,loss of memory,murmuring bnorml words or wasting of muscles seen as many times.

Herpes simplex: seen as mutiple paulo vesiclar lesions over genitilia or mouth or in advanced stage lesion going to Lung and brain also reported.

CANCERS: BURKITT LYMPHOMA,CERVICAL CANCERS,INTESTINAL TUMORS,BRAIN LYPHOMAS may occur in advanced stage of AIDS/HIV infections Kaposi�s Sarcoma: It is a tumour caused by infection with human herpes virus 8. Though, initially described as an AIDS defining illness, it is known to occur in non-AIDS patients as well. However, as compared to a slow progression in normal individuals, the disease is very aggressive in HIV patients. The sarcoma can show symptoms in varied places including macular (related to a part of the eye), papular (all over the body) and exophytic (growths on the surface of the body) growth. (Read: HIV/AIDS � Causes, Symptoms, Tests, Treatment & More)

Candidiasis: It is an infection caused by the fungus Candida albicans. It is seen in normal as well as in patients with HIV/AIDS. In normal patients, the infection is limited to the mouth and oral cavity and is superficial in nature. In HIV/AIDS, it may colonize the oro-pharynx or the oesophagus or may colonize in both the areas. It may also infiltrate into the deeper tissues. By itself, it is not a prime cause of death, but the infection may cause difficulty in swallowing and decrease oral intake.

Crptococcosis: Fungal infection of Brain meninges is coomin,india ink tesing with csf is diagnostic.Crptosopodiasis of intestine produce diarrhoea similiarly Isospora infection does cause diarrhoes.
coccidiodomycosis,Histoplasmosis ,aspergilosis may infect lung or sytemic organs and even brain.
Tuberculosis (TB): It is one of the most important public health diseases in India. It is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the absence of a proper immune system as seen in HIV/AIDS patients, the disease is more aggressive, widespread and more aggressively infective. It affects multiple body organs and even organs like the thyroid glands and heart, which are normally resistant to tuberculous infection. Dr Anjana Tadani, from Niramaya Hospital says, �Besides all this, the strain that proliferates in HIV/AIDS patients are usually resistant to the conventional anti-tuberculus drugs, and is usually a multi drug resistant strain. This strain is capable of affecting multiple organs in the body leading to death.�
Non-Hodgkin�s Lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin�s Lymphoma is a type of cancer of the immune system. Development of Non-Hodgkin�s lymphoma is a long term complication in HIV infection. The risk of developing Non-Hodgkin�s Lymphoma increases with the duration of decreased immunity. The cancerous cells are initially formed most commonly in the lymph nodes, but quickly spread to other organs and without treatment it can be rapidly fatal. However, with the use of early anti-retroviral therapy, the incidence of this disease in AIDS patients has greatly reduced.
Pneumocystitis Pneumonia (PCP): Pneumocystitis Pneumonia is an infection of the lung caused by a yeast like fungus Pneumocystis jiroveckii, an organism that is normally found in the lungs of healthy individuals. In the presence of a normal immune system, it is unable to cause any damage or infection. In a person suffering with HIV/AIDS, the body�s immune system is compromised. This decreased immunity makes the person susceptible to opportunistic infections like PCP. The organism infiltrates into the fibrous septa of the alveolar spaces present in the the lungs and causes them to thicken. This thickening prevents normal gaseous exchange in the lungs and causes a state of severely decreased oxygenation of the body. If untreated, this disease is fatal.
Cytomegalovirus infections: Cytomegalovirus is a virus that is a part of the herpes family and spreads through exchange of body fluids. In the normal course of events, the infection is asymptomatic and the virus usually remains dormant in the body for the entirety of a person�s life. However, in times of decreased immunity � like in a person suffering from HIV/AIDS � the virus reactivates and can lodge itself in various organs of the body like the lungs, brain, gastrointestinal system and the eye. Untreated and in the case of a severe infection can be dangerous to life.Cytomeglo Retinitis n advnced infection of eye needing very meticulous treatment.
HIV and AIDS Dementia: Dementia is a condition that leads to a loss of intellectual capabilities such as memory, judgement and abstract thinking. Unlike other complications and diseases in AIDS which are opportunistic infections, it is postulated that AIDS Dementia Complex is caused by the HIV virus directly. Though, HIV does not directly infect the brain cells, it may cause inflammation in them or kill them. This was a common condition in the pre-HIV treatment days, but today, less than 10 � 15% of AIDS patients develop this complex.A
AIDS Wasting Syndrome: Wasting syndrome is a condition seen in AIDS patients where there is more than 10% weight loss with decrease in muscle mass. It is caused due to a variety of factors including:
Loss of Appetite: Directly because of HIV infection, opportunistic infections, side effects of medications, depression etc.
Decreased absorption of nutrients: This is usually either directly because of HIV infection, opportunistic infections and diarrhoea due to the side effects of medicines.
Metabolic changes: HIV as well as other infectious diseases cause an increased energy demand from the body, which may not be met by the dietary intake of a patient suffering from HIV/AIDS. This causes conversion of proteins to energy which can lead to wasting syndrome.
The AIDS Wasting syndrome increases the risk of opportunistic infections and significantly increases the risk of death.
Mycobacterium Avium Complex: Mycobacterium Avium Complex is a disease complex resembling a tuberculous infection which is almost never seen in normal healthy individuals. It is caused by a group of bacteria which include Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. The source of infection is uncertain but both water and air have been implicated. Mycobacterium kansasi infection is also seen.In severely immune compromised patients this disease can be very difficult to manage as the source is yet unknown.

Lipodystrophy: It is a condition of abnormal fat distribution which has two components -Lipohypertrophy where there is an abnormal central deposition of fat and Lipoatrophy involving the loss of fat in peripheral sites like arms and limbs.

Lipodystrophy can be seen in other chronic conditions as well. In HIV/AIDS patients, it is usually seen as a complication of anti-retroviral therapy. The condition makes the person susceptible to atherosclerosis and diabetes.

Toxoplasmosis: Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Transmission to humans occurs primarily by ingestion of undercooked pork or lamb meat that contains tissue cysts, or by exposure to oocysts either through ingestion of contaminated vegetables or direct contact with cat faeces. Other modes of transmission include the transplacental route (from mother to baby), blood product transfusion, and organ transplantation. In patients with a healthy and otherwise normal immune system this infection � even in an acute infection � does not show symptoms. Once ingested, the oocysts spread to different organs and enter the cells, causing destruction and focal necrosis (tissue death in the area where the cysts have invaded the organ). The immune reaction converts these foci into tissue cysts.

Toxoplasmosis associated with HIV infection is typically caused by reactivation of a chronic infection and is seen primarily as toxoplasmic encephalitis. This disease is an important cause of brain lesions in HIV-infected patients. Characteristically, toxoplasmic encephalitis is seen in a patient with moderate severity and one of the classic symptoms or effects of this condition is that a small part of the patient�s brain is affected (also called focal neurologic effects) by the presence of the cyst. This is normally accompanied by headaches, altered mental status, and fever. The most common focal neurologic signs are motor weakness and speech disturbances. The patients may also suffer from seizures, cranial nerve abnormalities, visual field defects, sensory disturbances, cerebellar dysfunction, meningismus (symptoms like meningitis but without the infection of the meninges), movement disorders, and neuropsychiatric manifestations like schizophrenia, hallucinations etc.
Toxoplasmosis is a rarely fatal form of diffuse encephalitis. Treatment is similar for both healthy as well as for patients with HIV/AIDS. However, it may be necessary to continue medication even after the condition is resolved and administer maintenance therapy for longer times in patients with HIV/AIDS.
Progressive leuco-encephalopathy: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare disease of the brain involving the white matter and caused by the JC virus (John Cunningham virus). It occurs almost exclusively in people with immune deficiency including those with HIV/AIDS. In patients not on anti-retroviral therapy, death occurs in almost 95% of patients within 4 to 6 months after diagnosis. With the widespread adoption of therapy, the incidence of PML has decreased substantially. Also, patients now show a prolonged survival rate (almost 2 years). All treatments for this disease are experimental and there is no known standardized protocol for cure or remission. Intensive antiretroviral therapy is the cornerstone of treatment.

HIV /AIDS VACCINE ON THE WAY:NEW TECHNOLODGY ADATED FOR A SUCESS;

PROF.DRRAM ,HIV/AIDS,SEX DISEASES,SEX WEAKNESS & ABORTION SPECIALIST
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Finnish company FIT Biotech might have just developed an extremely effective treatment for HIV, a vaccine designed to "lower the viral load of current HIV patients."According to Finnish news outlet Yle Uutiset, FIT Biotech's treatment might have the ability to stop the HIV infection from progressing dead in its tracks, or even help patients rid their bodies of the infection completely. CEO Kalevi Reijonen says that the company is collaborating with two European universities and American pharmaceutical companies to conduct an ongoing study to test the vaccine. The research will last two to three years starting in spring 2014, and involve 1,000 patients throughout Switzerland and France. The first phase will involve hundreds of HIV sufferers.

According to Reijonen, the treatment is revolutionary. If testing is successful, "... applications will be made to the FDA in the USA and the EMA in Europe to authorise the marketing of the drug. Dealing with the regulations may take a year and a half. So we're still looking at about five years before the drug would become available."Designed to use in combination with AIDS medication, FIT Biotech says that the medical treatment of a vaccinated HIV sufferer in the developed world could cost 90% less.
The science: It all sounds very promising in theory, but FIT Biotech has yet to prove the efficacy of its proposed treatment. Basically, it's a DNA vaccine that encodes HIV or SIV (the simian equivalent of the virus) proteins, allowing the patient to produce T-cells specifically designed to fight HIV. FIT Biotech's patented "Gene Transport Unit" (GTU) technology safely introduces new genes into the body, apparently with few side effects.Vaccinated macaques in a prior study showed signs of significantly better immune response:
Coupled with existing retroviral drug treatments, the medication could theoretically help the body reduce HIV levels to very low amounts, halting symptoms or transmission of the virus, or even reducing it to undetectable levels (think Magic Johnson).In the best-case scenario, the vaccine could essentially make HIV infections asymptomatic in combination with retroviral drugs, with remission still a risk without continued treatment. Reijonen says that a preventative HIV vaccine based on the treatment could be a decade away.But FIT Biotech still hasn't proven its treatment will work in humans, meaning that the upcoming trials will be the real benchmark.

So is this a cure for HIV? Not yet, but there's good reason to be optimistic. Other researchers like Dr. Louis J. Picker have been making similar strides in research into an HIV vaccine, increasing hopes that at least one of these new technologies will pan out.

You�re more likely to get pregnant if you and your partner are both in good health. Making some changes to your lifestyle may improve your chances of getting pregnant and having a healthy pregnancy. Medical conditions such as diabetes, asthma, obesity and other problems can affect your pregnancy. Lifestyle modification to tackle obesity, tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, have been proposed as crucial in influencing the outcome of both natural and assisted conceptions.

About 84% of couples in the general population will conceive within one year if they do not use contraception and have sex regularly. Of those who don�t conceive in the first year, about half will do so in the second year. For some couples, getting pregnant happens easily. For others it can take time and may even require medical help. If you've been trying to get pregnant for a while and are starting to worry that nothing has happened, don't panic. One in six couples experiences fertility problems so yours is a very common problem.

Following are the points to be kept in mind while you are trying to conceive and should implement as lifetime changes.

1.) It takes two to make a baby, so be honest with your partner about your frustrations and anxiety, and work together. Get it out in the open, get on the same page. Find a way to de-stress (preferably together). Exercise, yoga, acupuncture and counseling all help decrease the stress hormones. Take care of your body, no radical diets or drastic weight loss. Also, gain a little weight, if you're too skinny. It will help.

2.) Balanced Healthy Diet: Diet plays an important role in setting the stage for successful conception. Being overweight or underweight can affect your chances of conceiving. Too much or too little body fat can make your periods irregular or stop them completely, which can affect your ability to conceive. Women whose BMI is more than 30 or under 19 may have problems conceiving. Take multivitamins, including iron, calcium and folic acid for women, and zinc and selenium for men. Foods high in antioxidants are great, like brightly colored fruit, strawberries, cherries, and plums.

3.) Obesity: Obesity is becoming an increasingly common cause for infertility. It is a known fact that infertility and PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) are believed to be directly associated with obesity. The reduced ovulation frequency and chances of conception observed in obese women could be attributed to the negative influence of obesity on hormonal and metabolic mechanisms. Such patients undergoing IVF possessed reduced chances of pregnancy (around 30%) as they required increased doses of gonadotropins for ovarian stimulation compared to women with recommended body mass index (BMI). Obesity contributes to anovulation and menstrual irregularities, reduced conception rate and a reduced response to fertility treatment. It also increases miscarriage and contributes to maternal and perinatal complications. Much more attention should be paid to the impact of obesity on fertility in both women and men.

In other words, not only does obesity make it much more difficult to conceive, but it also exposes both the mother and the infant to all manner of risks before and after birth. So if you are longing to fall pregnant or struggle with PCOS, give lifestyle modification a chance and take the first step by consulting a registered dietician.

4.) Smoking: It's a fact that smoking and infertility go hand in hand. Women who are smokers are at a higher risk of infertility complications. Exposure to cigarette smoke for even a few days can cause changes in the health of your eggs and embryos. If you smoke for many years, or smoke many cigarettes per day, your risk for fertility problems is increased. This can lead to fertility problems, including Ovulation problems, Genetic issues, Damage to your reproductive organs, Damage to your eggs or premature menopause and Increased risk of cancer and increased risk of miscarriage. For men, cigarette smoking increases problems such as lower sperm counts and motility, as well as hormonal problems and erectile dysfunction.

The study also reported an increased risk for the following in offspring born through spontaneous and assisted conception to smoker mothers:
� Preterm birth, growth restriction, stillbirth, and early neonatal death
� Low birth weight, oral facial clefts, and sudden infant death syndrome
� Adverse impact on the seminal parameters of male offspring

Smoking and infertility are linked even for women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). Studies show smokers have a reduced chance of success with ART. If you smoke and are able to get pregnant with ART, it may take twice as long as usual. when you stop smoking, your chances of being fertile returns. So quit smoking immediately to conceive faster.

5.) Alcohol:Alcohol will affect both you and your partner. In fact, drinking any alcohol at all can reduce your fertility by half and the more you drink, the less likely you are to conceive. One study showed that women who drank less than 5 units of alcohol a week (equal to 2 standard 175ml glasses of wine) were twice as likely to get pregnant within six-months compared with those who drank more. Research has also shown that drinking alcohol causes a decrease in sperm count, an increase in abnormal sperm and a lower proportion of motile sperm. Alcohol also inhibits the body�s absorption of nutrients such as zinc, which is one of the most important minerals for male fertility.

The study linked prenatal alcohol consumption with enhanced risk for the following adverse effects:
� Reduced chances of conception, low pregnancy rates, and increased miscarriages
� Physical anomalies to behavioral and cognitive deficits in offspring, which can be included under the broad term, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)
� Fetal death, fetal growth restriction and preterm birth

As difficult as it may seem, you should eliminate alcohol from your diets for at least three months in order to give yourself the best possible chance of conceiving.

6.) Caffeine

There is plenty of evidence to show that caffeine, particularly in the form of coffee, decreases fertility. Drinking as little as one cup of coffee a day can halve your chances of conceiving and just two cups a day increases the risk of a miscarriage. One study showed that problems with sperm: sperm count, motility and abnormalities, increase with the number of cups of coffee consumed each day. Once again, it�s important to eliminate all caffeine-containing food and drinks for at least three months before trying to conceive. That includes colas, chocolate, black teas and coffee, among other things.

Considering the negative impact of these lifestyle factors it is recommended that the the infertility specialists practicing in the ART field must make aware the complications arising out of it to the patients. Fertility treatment should not be provided to womens who consume alcohol more then moderate levels or are unwilling or unable to control consumption of alcohol. For the womens who are obese, Weight loss is reported to exert a positive effect on the reproductive potential. If the ART treatment is made conditional upon lifestyle changes, the physicians should assist the patients in achieving the required results.Scientific research are mandatory to substantiate the reproductive effects of alcohol consumption, obesity, smoking, and other lifestyle-related factors.

Lifestyle modification should be the preferred as initial treatment of infertility. A healthy lifestyle in general is key to making sure your fertility is in tip top shape. That includes eating well and exercising to make sure you�re a healthy weight. And of course, drinking within the limit or stopping altogether is part of this. The importance of a healthy lifestyle can�t be overstated.

Author of the article is an IVF Fertility infertility specialist and runs fertility centre and provides the best affordable quality infertility,fertility treatments with advanced reproductive technologies like IVF,ART, GIFT, ZIFT, TET, ICSI,donor egg,surrogate and surrogacy services for all nationalities.

With advancement in today�s assisted reproductive technology, it has become possible for the infertile couples to attain parenthood with the help of IVF, ICSI, IUI, IMSI, Surrogacy and other available fertility treatments.For starting a successful ivf treatment you can contact IVF Doctors or Fertility specialist at Rotunda Fertility Clinic at http://rotunda.co.in or http://www.testtubebabyclinic.com