Though the existence of a potentially transmitted form of hepatitis was documented by Lurman in 1885 the term hepatitis A & hepatitis B were introduced by Mac calluman in 1947 to categorize infectious & serum hepatitis. By 1968 other investigators notably Pince, Okochi & Murakami had established that Australia Antigen (Hbs Ag) was found specifically in serum of hepatitis B patients. In 1970 Dane et al, detected the complete hepatitis B Virion, a 42 nm double shelled particle (Dane particle). After that various researchers and epidemiological study undergone for this particle till date & it was found that an estimated 350 million people world wide and around 43 million in India carry this pathogen that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Management of hepatitis B and its complication requires significant knowledge of pharmacotherapeutic option which are evolving rapidly . To date 3 drugs have been approved for treatment of chronic hepatitis B that are Injectable interferon  and oral agents like lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil. Various new drugs and immunologic modulators hold promise for treatment of chronic HBV infection and are various stages of development.